SBR工艺污泥颗粒化对生物脱氮除磷特性的研究

采用模拟配制的生活污水，研究循序间歇反应器（SBR）工艺的脱氮除磷效果和污泥沉降性能，试验结果表明，通过了状态调控阶段，反应器中形成了同时具有脱氮除磷能力的好氧颗粒化污泥，其中，反应器对COD和P的去除率分别为90％和85％左右；NH3－N和TN去除率分别达到90％和80％；颗粒污泥的SVI值约为50，出水水质好，这些良好的运行性能比好氧颗粒污泥形成前大大改善。     

附积床生物膜反应器同步硝化反硝化脱氮特性

基于传统的生物膜技术开发了新型的附积床生物膜反应器并考察其脱氮效果.结果表明,在不同HRT下可以获得稳定的COD去除效果,平均去除率达81.7%;在水力停留时间为3.90 h,NH+4-N、TN的平均负荷分别为0.47 kg/(m3.d)、0.59kg/(m3.d)时,可以获得NH+4-N 92.7%和TN 67.5%的去除效果.实验中混合液的溶解氧浓度(DO)是影响TN去除效果的最重要因素,pH是影响NH4+-N、TN去除效果的重要因素之一,最佳脱氮效果的控制条件为DO在0.1～2.0 mg/L之间,pH值在7.0～7.5之间,分析了实验中同步硝化反硝化脱氮的机制.     

高氨氮废水与城市生活污水短程硝化系统菌群比较

短程硝化是污水脱氮工艺中的重要环节,系统中的菌群结构决定了其处理效果.为探讨短程硝化系统中的微生物对不同污水的适应性,利用细菌16S rDNA克隆文库、磷脂脂肪酸(PLFA)和定量PCR分析方法对高氨氮废水和城市生活污水短程硝化系统中活性污泥的细菌群落结构、总体微生物的多样性以及功能微生物进行了比较.克隆文库结果表明两个系统中细菌群落结构明显不同,城市生活污水中细菌种类更丰富,但两个系统的优势菌群都属于变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidete).磷脂脂肪酸分析结果显示高氨氮废水短程硝化系统中微生物多样性指数和均匀度指数明显低于城市生活污水.定量PCR结果表明,高氨氮废水短程硝化系统中氨氧化菌(AOB)与亚硝酸盐氧化菌(NOB)的数量都多于城市生活污水短程硝化系统;高氨氮废水短程硝化系统中AOB比NOB高3个数量级,而城市生活污水短程硝化系统中AOB比NOB高2个数量级.     

采用Anammox颗料污泥工艺对酵母废水进行脱氮处理的研究

本实验采用先进的厌氧氨氧化（Anammox）颗粒污泥工艺对某酵母厂的二沉出水进行了毒性实验与连续流实验。毒性实验结果表明该类废水对Anammox细菌有一定的抑制作用,但没有影响最终的0去除效果;而近一介半月的连续流实验数据则表明：在进水氨氮浓度300-360mg／1的情况下,污泥负荷与容积负荷可以稳定地上升,出水氨氮在50mg／l以下,亚硝酸盐氮维持在5mg／1左右,氨氮去除率可达80％以上。     

改良型DAT-IAT工艺脱氮除磷运行工艺研究

对DAT-IAT工艺加以改良,在DAT池前端分隔出缺氧区和厌氧区,强化了系统脱氮除磷能力。并在不同运行条件下,对改良型DAT-IAT工艺的脱氮除磷效果进行研究,得出优化条件。结果表明:DAT池溶解氧浓度在1.8².2 mg/L之间;IAT池至DAT池的污泥回流比为300%;DAT池至缺氧区的混合液回流比为40%2.2 mg/L之间;IAT池至DAT池的污泥回流比为300%;DAT池至缺氧区的混合液回流比为40%⁵0%;IAT池采用曝气1 h、沉淀1 h、排水1 h的运行工况;系统泥龄在1350%;IAT池采用曝气1 h、沉淀1 h、排水1 h的运行工况;系统泥龄在13¹6 d时,改良型工艺可以同时取得较好的脱氮和除磷效果,并且改良型工艺的脱氮除磷能力明显优于常规DAT-IAT工艺。     

异养-电极-生物膜联合反应器脱除地下水中硝酸盐的研究

提出了异养 电极 生物膜联合反应器脱除地下水中硝酸盐的工艺 ,该反应器以异养反硝化为主 ,通过电化学段脱除异养段后水中残留的甲醇或硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐氮 .进水中碳氮比 (质量比 )从 2 2— 2 9,都可保证出水中既无亚硝酸盐积累现象 ,也无残留的甲醇 ,但甲醇略为过量时可提高反应器的处理能力 .2 4℃时处理硝酸盐氮浓度 40mg L的进水 ,反应器最大脱硝负荷为 47g (m3 ·h) .     

Removal of phosphate from wastewater using alkaline residue

Alkaline residue(AR) was found to be an efficient adsorbent for phosphate removal from wastewater. The kinetic and equilibrium of phosphate removal were investigated to evaluate the performance of modified alkaline residue. After treatment by NaOH(AR-NaOH), removal performance was significantly improved, while removal performance was almost completely lost after treatment by HCl(AR-HCl). The kinetics of the removal process by all adsorbents was well characterized by the pseudo second-order model. The Langmuir model exhibited the best correlation for AR-HCl, while AR was effectively described by Freundlich model. Both models were well fitted to AR-NaOH. The maximum adsorption capacities calculated from Langmuir equation were in following manner: AR-NaOH AR AR-HCl. Phosphate removal by alkaline residue was pH dependent process. Mechanisms for phosphate removal mainly involved adsorption and precipitation, varied with equilibrium pH of solution. For AR-HCl, the acid equilibrium pH( 6.0) was unfavorable for the formation of Ca-P precipitate, with adsorption as the key mechanism for phosphate removal. In contrast, for AR and ARNaOH, precipitation was the dominant mechanism for phosphate removal, due to the incrase on pH( 8.0) after phosphate removal. The results of both XRD and SEM analysis confirmed CaHPO4·2H2O formation after phosphate removal by AR and AR-NaOH.     

人工湿地基质除磷影响因素研究进展

基质除磷被认为是人工湿地中磷去除的主要方式。人工湿地基质除磷不仅受其自身化学特性的影响,还受到废水磷负荷、水力条件、运行方式、温度、溶解氧、pH、竞争性离子等的影响,结合国内外的最新研究进展较全面地论述了上述因素对基质除磷效果的影响。最后对吸附饱和基质的去向进行了一定的探讨。     

Degradation and removal methods of antibiotics from aqueous matrices--a review

Over the past few years, antibiotics have been considered emerging pollutants due to their continuous input and persistence in the aquatic ecosystem even at low concentrations. They have been detected worldwide in environmental matrices, indicating their ineffective removal from water and wastewater using conventional treatment methods. To prevent this contamination, several processes to degrade/remove antibiotics have been studied. This review addresses the current state of knowledge concerning the input sources, occurrence and mainly the degradation and removal processes applied to a specific class of micropollutants, the antibiotics. In this paper, different remediation techniques were evaluated and compared, such as conventional techniques (biological processes, filtration, coagulation, flocculation and sedimentation), advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), adsorption, membrane processes and combined methods. In this study, it was found that ozonation, Fenton/photo-Fenton and semiconductor photocatalysis were the most tested methodologies. Combined processes seem to be the best solution for the treatment of effluents containing antibiotics, especially those using renewable energy and by-products materials.     

强化预处理人工湿地的研究

本文采用自主设计的强化预处理人工湿地装置进行处理低浓度农村生活污水的研究,针对人工湿地堵塞问题,考察了运用强化预处理装置(海绵装置和滤布装置)对污水进行预处理来预防湿地的堵塞,并且在水力停留时间为1d的工况下,研究了湿地装置对污水的净化效果.结果表明:运用强化预处理装置后,不仅能有效防止湿地堵塞而且不影响湿地对污水的净化效果,强化预处理湿地装置对CODCr、SS、NH4+-N、TN、TP的平均去除率分别为67.14％,90.39％,64.12％,70.13％和67.98％,出水CODCr、SS、NH4+-N、TN、TP均可满足《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》 (GB18918-2002)的一级B要求,在我国广大农村地区的分散式污水处理中具有良好的应用前景.