气升回流一体化工艺处理生活污水简

针对分散型生活污水处理开发了气升回流一体化工艺,以校园生活污水为对象,研究其对生活污水中污染物的去除效果。该系统由好氧区、厌氧区、沉淀区和气升室组成,以曝气的剩余气体的气升作用实现混合液的回流,节省动力消耗。结果表明,本工艺对COD、氨氮及悬浮物（SS）有较好的去除效果,去除率分别达到80%、90%和75%左右,出水COD、NH₄⁺-N及SS平均浓度在40 mg/L、6.5 mg/L和10 mg/L左右。当进水COD在100~1 000 mg/L之间波动时,出水水质稳定。该工艺有较强的抗冲击负荷能力,且可实现剩余污泥的自消解。本工艺具有结构紧凑、占地少,运行费用低,维护简单的特点。     

污水低氧脱氮机制及其应用研究进展

阐述了污水低氧脱氮的基本原理,即抑制或去除亚硝酸盐氧化菌(NOB),同时保留氨氧化菌(AOB),并保持其活性;探讨了污水低氧脱氮实现途径;详细介绍了几种典型的污水低氧脱氮工艺(短程硝化(SHARON)工艺、厌氧氨氧化(ANAMMOX)工艺、好氧反氨化(DEMON)工艺、低氧自养硝化反硝化(OLAND)工艺、甲烷营养型硝化反硝化工艺和亚硝酸盐型完全自养脱氮(CANNON)工艺)的应用研究进展;最后对污水低氧脱氮处理工艺的工程运用进行了展望.     

锆负载型树脂用于含氟废水深度处理的研究

本文研制了一种以火力发电厂废树脂为载体的锆负载型氟离子吸附剂 ,并在评价了该树脂对氟离子的吸附性能之后探讨了该树脂用于火力发电厂含氟废水深度处理的可能性。研究结果表明 ,锆的最佳负载的最佳浓度为0 .5mol/L ,该负载树脂的最佳吸附pH为 3.0— 4 .0 ,用填充柱进行的动态实验结果表明 ,pH =3时的吸附容量显著高于 pH=4时的值。利用该树脂对火力发电厂模拟含氟废水进行了双柱串联吸附工艺处理 ,当柱流量为 35mL/min(SV10 )、第二柱穿透时 ,第一柱的吸附容量为 10 2 2 8mg/L湿树脂 ;用 0 .1mol/L的NaOH溶液进行再生 ,柱流量选择为 35mL/min(SV10 )时 ,脱附率在 95 %以上。     

模拟煤灰渣垂直潜流人工湿地的除磷性能分析

为确定煤灰渣作为垂直潜流人工湿地基质的可行性,通过静态吸附实验和煤灰渣去除生活污水中的磷素实验,表明煤灰渣对污水中磷素的吸附平衡时间较短,吸附速率较快.当温度降低时,煤灰渣的磷素吸附容量对吸附平衡浓度依赖性和吸附强度随之降低,最大理论吸附容量亦降低 83.10% .在处理0.5 m 3 /(m2·d)的生活污水中,煤灰渣对TP的平均去除率达86.03%,吸附方式包括物理吸附和化学吸附,同时得出煤灰渣最大磷素解析量占最大理论吸附容量的0.73%,在实际人工湿地应用中应注意磷素解析而形成的二次污染.     

酸解破乳作用处理高含固率洗毛废水的研究

洗毛废水是一种高浓度有机废水,含固率高,主要成分是羊毛脂、羧酸盐和土杂,由于强极性物质的存在和胶体强的负电性,导致洗毛废水形成稳定的乳化体系.本试验通过加入硫酸改变洗毛废水的有机组成,降低体系的Zeta电位,破坏体系的稳定性,从而使得有机物发生凝聚沉降,达到去除COD的目的.硫酸加入量达到0.2%或以上时对洗毛废水中SS的自然沉降性、絮凝性和极性有很大影响,比阻从远大于9.81×1013m/kg,下降为5.54×1010m/kg,COD去除率达到86.8%,SS去除率达到98%.因此,洗毛废水加酸处理后通过机械脱水,实现固液分离,以降低原废水的色度和大幅降低COD的方式,是可供考虑的处理工艺.     

混合接种PN与PN/A颗粒污泥快速启动连续流自养生物脱氮反应器

在连续流条件下,快速培养亚硝化-厌氧氨氧化（PN/A）颗粒污泥是实现污水高效生物脱氮处理的关键技术. 与PN/A污泥相比,亚硝化（PN）颗粒污泥具有生长周期短、易于批量化培养的优点,并可作为富集厌氧氨氧化菌（AMX）的载体. 在3个完全混合流反应器（R1~R3）中,分别按照质量比3∶1、1∶1和1∶3混合接种PN/A和PN颗粒污泥,并通过设置高氨氮负荷、短水力停留时间和强水力剪切条件,成功启动了连续流自养生物脱氮工艺. 结果表明,尽管R3的启动时长较R1和R2更长,但污泥接种比并未显著影响连续流反应器在稳定状态下的脱氮性能,总氮去除负荷均可达到2.6 kg·（m³·d）^-1以上. 接种的PN颗粒污泥通过提供好氧氨氧化菌种（AOB）,为AMX生长供给了充足的亚硝态氮基质,充分发挥了培养PN/A颗粒污泥的前驱体作用. 由高通量测序结果可知,R1~R3中成熟颗粒的微生物丰度和多样性指数均明显高于接种污泥. AOB（Nitrosomonas属）和AMX（Candidatus Kuenenia和Brocadia属）与Chloroflexi、Bacteroidetes和Chlorobi等异养菌门是驱动自养生物脱氮和维持颗粒结构稳定的关键菌群. 总之,PN与PN/A颗粒污泥的混合接种是快速启动连续流自养脱氮工艺的可行策略,对工程应用具有指导意义.     

石灰法处理磷化废水的试验研究

采用生产废水和模拟废水为处理对象,系统探讨了石灰法处理磷化废水的反应时间、投药量、搅拌强度和沉淀时间等因素对废水处理的影响。试验结果表明,混凝反应时间达到2h,石灰投加量理论用量的2．5倍才可使废水中的磷、钙充分反应生存羟基磷酸钙,从而使含磷废水出水达标。搅拌强度和沉淀时间对除磷效果影响不大。     

Effects of nitrate concentration in interstitial water on the bioremediation of simulated oil-polluted shorelines

Nutrient addition has been proved to be an effective strategy to enhance oil biodegradation in marine shorelines.To determine the optimal range of nutrient concentrations in the bioremediation of oil-polluted beaches,nitrate was added to the simulated shoreline models in the initial concentration of 1,5 and 10 mg/L.Whenever the NO3-N concentration declined to 70% of its original value, additional nutrients were supplemented to maintain a certain range.Results showed adding nutrients increased the oil biodegradation level,the counts of petroleum degrading bacteria(PDB)and heterotrophic bacteria (HB),and the promoted efficiency varied depending on the concentration of nitrate.Oil degradation level in 5 mg/L(NO_3-N)group reached as much as 84.3% accompanied with the consistently highest counts of PDB;while in 1 mg/L group oil removal efficiency was only 35.2%,and the numbers of PDB and HB were relatively low compared to the other groups supplemented with nutrients.Although counts of HB in the 10 mg/L group were remarkable,lower counts of PDB resulted in poorer oil removal efficiency (70.5%) compared to 5 mg/L group.Furthermore,it would need more NO_3-N(0.371 mg)to degrade 1 mg diesel oil in the 10 mg/L group than in the 5 mg/L group(0.197 mg).In conclusion, Nitrate concentration in 5 mg/L is superior to 1 and 10 mg/L in the enhancement of diesel oil biodegradation in simulated shorelines.     

Organic matter and concentrated nitrogen removal by shortcut nitrification and denitrification from mature municipal landfill leachate

An UASB＋Anoxic/Oxic （A/O） system was introduced to treat a mature landfill leachate with low carbon-to-nitrogen ratio and high ammonia concentration. To make the best use of the biodegradable COD in the leaehate, the denitrifieation of NOx^--N in the reeireulation effluent from the elarifier was carried out in the UASB. The results showed that most biodegradable organic matters were removed by the denitrifieation in the UASB. The NH4^＋-N loading rate （ALR） of A/O reactor and operational temperature was 0.28- 0.60 kg NH4^＋-N/（m^3-d） and 17-29℃ during experimental period, respectively. The short-cut nitrification with nitrite accumulation efficiency of 90%-99% was stabilized during the whole experiment. The NH4^＋-N removal efficiency varied between 90% and 100%. When ALR was less than 0.45 kg NH4^＋-N/（m^3.d）, the NH4^＋-N removal efficiency was more than 98%. With the influent NH4^＋-N of 1200-1800 mg/L, the effluent NH4^＋-N was less than 15 mg/L. The shortcut nitrification and denitrifieation can save 40% carbon source, with a highly efficient denitrifieation taking place in the UASB. When the ratio of the feed COD to feed NH4^＋-N was only 2-3, the total inorganic nitrogen （TIN） removal efficiency attained 67%-80%. Besides, the sludge samples from A/O reactor were analyzed using FISH. The FISH analysis revealed that ammonia oxidation bacteria （AOB） accounted for 4% of the total eubaeterial population, whereas nitrite oxidation bacteria （NOB） accounted only for 0.2% of the total eubaeterial population.     

亚硝酸盐型同步脱氮除硫工艺单质硫产率及特性

采用SBR同步脱氮除硫反应器,设置了化学对照组(灭菌,不添加污泥)和生物试验组(添加污泥),以期研究亚硝酸盐型同步脱氮除硫工艺中S0的产率以及特性.发现化学对照组中NO2--N和S2--S的去除率最高可分别达到25.07％和62.26％,其主要产物为NH4+-N和S2SO32--S,并无S0生成.而在生物试验组中,NO...