光催化氧化法去除水中有机氯化物的研究

以TiO_2为催化剂,研究了饮用水中常见的9种氯化有机物的光催化氧化、pH、复氧条件等对光催化氧化效果的影响及有关反应动力学问题。研究表明,光催化氧化法在饮用水深度处理领域。具有很好的应用前景。     

宁蒗地区铜厂河铜矿控矿条件与热液成矿模式探讨

宁蒗地区铜厂河铜矿系喜山期隐伏斑岩体外接触带玄武岩系热液型铜矿床 ,其主要含矿、赋矿层位为上二叠统玄武岩组 (P2 β)与黑泥哨组 (P2h)玄武岩系 ,主干控矿构造为南北向断裂体系。矿区NWW向F1断裂为阻矿构造 ,铜矿化均产于其下盘 (南盘 ) ;NE向F2 、F3 断裂将本区分成三个不同矿化特征的矿段。通过对矿区铜矿的碳、氧、硫等稳定同位素和包裹体分析及成矿热液演化特征探讨 ,建立了铜厂河铜矿热液成矿模式     

Multi-function adsorbent-photocatalyst MXene-TiO2 composites for removal of enrofloxacin antibiotic from water

MXenes, a new family of two-dimensional transition metal carbides or nitrides, have attracted tremendous attention for various applications due to their unique properties such as good electrical conductivity, hydrophilicity, and ion intercalability. In this work, Ti₃C₂ MXene, or MX, is converted to MX-TiO₂ composites using a simple and rapid microwave hydrothermal treatment in HCl/NaCl mixture solution that induces formation of fine TiO₂ particles on the MX parent structure and imparts photocatalytic activity to the resulting MX-TiO₂ composites. The composites were used for enrofloxacin (ENR), a frequently found contaminating antibiotic, removal from water. The relative amount of the MX and TiO₂ can be controlled by controlling the hydrothermal temperature resulting in composites with tunable adsorption/photocatalytic properties. NaCl addition was found to play important role as composites synthesized without NaCl could not adsorb enrofloxacin well. Adding NaCl into the hydrothermal treatment causes sodium ions to be simultaneously intercalated into the composite structure, improving ENR adsorption greatly from 1 to 6 mg ENR/g composite. It also slows down the MX to TiO₂ conversion leading to a smaller and more uniform distribution of TiO₂ particles on the structure. MX-TiO₂/NaCl composites, which have sodium intercalated in their structures, showed both higher ENR adsorption and photocatalytic activity than composites without NaCl despite the latter having higher TiO₂ content. Adsorbed ENR on the composites can be efficiently degraded by free radicals generated from the photoexcited TiO₂ particles, leading to high photocatalytic degradation efficiency. This demonstrates the synergetic effect between adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of the synthesized compounds.     

氯乙酰胺类除草剂微生物降解研究进展

主要介绍了几种氯乙酰胺类除草剂的微生物降解机制和相关降解酶．目前没有一种纯菌培养物或混合菌群能完全矿化异丙甲草胺和甲草胺，它们只能被细菌和真菌共代谢．毒草胺能被纯菌或混合菌群完全矿化，且有几种不同的矿化途径．乙草胺是我国生产量和使用量最多的三大除草剂之一，然而关于其微生物降解方面的研究在国内外报道的非常少，因此关于乙草胺被微生物降解和矿化的研究工作还有待于进一步加强．参45     

Ferrioxalate-mediated photodegradation and mineralization of 4-Chlorophenol

INTENTION, GOAL, SCOPE, BACKGROUND: Advanced oxidation processes are powerful methods which are capable of transforming refractory, nonbiodegradable and/or toxic organic compounds into harmless end products such as carbon dioxide and water. However, one commen problem of all advanced oxidation processes is the high demand of electrical energy for ultraviolet lamps, which causes high operational costs. Minimization of the required irradiation time, and therefore the energy consumption, by optimization of other reaction conditions such as catalyst-oxidant type and concentration, pH, temperature, pollutant/oxidant ratio etc., therefore continues to gain importance. OBJECTIVE: The main objective of this study was the minimization of the required irradiation time through optimization of the use of a newly patented catalyst, ferrioxalate, and also to compare the performance of this catalyst with the performance of other AOPs. METHODS: Oxidation of 4-chlorophenol by photo-Fenton process using potassium ferrioxalate as a mediator was studied in a lab scale photoreactor. The influence of parameters such as hydrogen peroxide and ferrioxalate concentrations, initial pH, power-output, oxalate/iron ratio and different iron sources was evaluated. An upflow photoreactor equipped with a 1000 Watt high-pressure mercury vapour lamp and operating in a recirculation mode was used during photodegradation experiments. The extent of the reduction of 4-chlorophenol, Total Organic Carbon and Chemical Oxygen Demand was used to evaluate the photodegradation reaction. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The optimum pH range observed was found to be 2.7-3. The efficiency of 4-chlorophenol oxidation increased with increasing concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and ferrioxalate, reaching a plateau after the addition of 10 and 0.072 mM of those reagents, respectively. Using an Oxalate/iron ratio of 12 was 18% less efficient than using a ratio of 3:1. The efficiency increased with increasing radiation power. However, this increase was not linear. The UV/ferrioxalate/H2O2 process, by which complete mineralization of 100 mg l(-1) 4-chlorophenol was achieved in 20 min of total reaction time, was the most efficient process among the alternatives applied. CONCLUSIONS: The use of ferrioxalate as the catalyst was found to be more efficient than the use of Fe(II) and Fe(III) iron species. It was possible to completely mineralize 4-chlorophenol. RECOMMENDATION AND OUTLOOK: The results of this study demonstrate that the ferrioxalate-mediated degradation of 4-chlorophenol requires less irradiation times than other advanced oxidation processes. There are mainly 19 phenol isomers and other toxic and nonbiodegradable organic compounds. We recommend that similar studies should be performed on many such compounds in order to attain a clear understanding of the performance of this catalyst. Because of its light sensitivity, this catalyst should be used immediately after its preparation. The use of low pressure mercury vapour lamps in this process should also be considered, since low power outputs may be enough for the process.     

Photocatalytic oxidation of humic substances with TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript>-coated glass micro-spheres

The photocatalytic oxidation of humic substances in aqueous solutions and natural waters with TiO₂ attached to buoyant, hollow glass micro-spheres was studied. A maximum oxidation efficiency of 3.6 mg W^–1 h^–1 was achieved in neutral or alkaline media at a plane surface concentration of the catalyst attached to the micro-spheres of 25 g m^–2. Proceeding by different mechanisms in acidic and alkaline media, the photocatalytic oxidation efficiency did not benefit from an excessive presence of hydroxyl radical promoters, hydrogen peroxide and alkali.     

论永梅会多层、多类型成矿集中区大型铜、金、银、锡矿床成矿远景

近10多年来东南沿海找矿具突破性意义的一批矿床中，有5个各具特色的矿床及与之相类似的一批矿床（点）和矿化层位，集中分布在闽粤赣三省交界处面积约为8万km2的永定一梅县－会昌地区（简称永梅会地区），构成一成矿集中区．其特点是矿床集中且规模大、埋藏浅、多类型和多层性。该区处于不同构造单元的交接、叠置地带，自晋宁期至晚燕山期漫长的地质历史为形成多层、多类型矿床提供了良好的成矿环境；频繁的火山一侵入活动揭示了壳幔分离、地幔物质多次注入、地壳物质多次循环，特别是石炭纪以来（C1、J1、K1）三次双峰式火山活动所反映的位张环境，造就了本区成矿元素多、丰度高的地球化学场和构造应力环境；可能存在的地幔热流柱对地壳的作用是构成矿床集中的深部构造因素；区内石炭系岩相古地理特征显示本区具有与长江中下游地区石炭系铜矿含矿层位相当的合矿层位；本区中等剥蚀程度有利于寻找火山根部带或基底中的矿床。在分析该区上述成矿远景基础上，提出了该区有可能成为我国南方继德兴之后及维长江中下游地区之后的另一个铜、多金属成矿区。     

Combined effects of two sulfonylurea herbicides on soil microbial biomass and N-mineralization

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光催化氧化法的影响因素和发展趋势

概述了光催化氧化有机物的机理，讨论了影响其反应速率的诸多因素和如催化剂，光强，有机物浓度，ＰＨ值，温度，外加氧化剂和盐等，探讨了提高反应效率的途径，并指出了今后光催化氧化法在水处理中的应用与研究方向。     

Optimized photocatalytic regeneration of adsorption-photocatalysis bifunctional composite saturated with Methyl Orange

Photo-responsive adsorption-photocatalysis nanocomposites are generally used in water and wastewater decontamination; however, the prolonged adsorption capacity of composites and the role of adsorption in concomitant photocatalysis are typically neglected. These composites can be regenerated under light irradiation as their adsorption capacity decreases. Herein, a novel adsorption-photocatalysis bifunctional nanocomposite, Bi-doped TiO₂ supported on powdered activated carbon (Bi₂O₃/TiO₂/PAC), was prepared using the sol-impregnation-hydrothermal procedure. Bi₂O₃/TiO₂/PAC with a secondary calcination temperature of 700°C under a nitrogen atmosphere was selected for maximum adsorption capacity on Methyl Orange (MO). The composite displayed an excellent adsorption capacity and was easily separated and recycled. The results demonstrate that 71.2% photocatalytic regeneration efficiency could be attained under visible light irradiation for 1 hr at an intensity of 750?W/m² and pH 7. Characterization of the as-prepared Bi₂O₃/TiO₂/PAC nanocomposite (700°C) indicates that it possesses a highly specific surface area and great optical properties, showing bifunctional adsorption-photocatalysis characteristics. The p-n heterojunction of the composite played a dominant role in the photocatalytic regeneration process, and effective degradation of MO could be achieved along with composite regeneration.