战斗机飞行员加压供氧面罩高空供氧防护性能评定

详细介绍了战斗机飞行员新型YM9915加压供氧面罩和TK - 11飞行保护头盔配套的高空供氧防护性能生理评价实验结果。分析讨论了新型加压供氧面罩与飞行保护头盔配套的供氧防护性能特点 ,并针对其不足提出改进建议     

履带车辆特殊路面谱实车测试与分析

基于GB/T 7031—2005建立了路面谱模型,分析了加速度法测试履带车辆特殊路面路面谱的基本原理,并以此为理论依据,设计出在第一、五负重轮轮轴处安装加速度传感器并得出时域曲线的测试方案,分别记录了不同速度下长度为4 m的长波路和越野土路的加速度时域曲线,利用Matlab分析软件生成位移功率谱密度,并拟合出标准路面谱,计算出特征值。     

Energy consumption analysis of ABS plastic parts injected in a hybrid injection moulding machine

The energy analysis of injection moulding processes is influenced by complex interactions amongst the moulded part, its material, the injection machine, the process parameters and the environmental conditions. The availability of energy usage analyses that comprehend information on specific materials and machine kind is limited. This paper reports a study that estimates and analyses the power usage profile (PUP), the specific energy consumption (SEC), and the energy distribution at an operation level of two different injected parts made of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene and produced in a hybrid injection moulding machine. The methodology followed by the authors incorporates an experiment carried out in an industrial facility. A large sample size, and data-acquisition and data post-processing processes to obtain an accurate PUP and SEC are used. A breakdown of the energy consumed by the injection moulding process of the parts studied at an operation level using Sankey diagrams is discussed. The study results are used to identify strategies to reduce the energy consumed by the processes. The methodology employed, and the strategies reported could be used with other plastic parts regardless of the material and machine used. The results reported are new experimental data useful input for theoretical models.     

Inherent mineralization of 2,6-dichlorobenzamide (BAM) in unsaturated zone and aquifers--effect of initial concentrations and adaptation

The dichlobenil metabolite BAM (2,6-dichlorobenzamide) is frequently detected in aquifers e.g. in Denmark despite the mother compound dichlobenil was banned here since 1997. BAM mineralization was investigated at environmentally relevant concentrations in sediment samples. Undisturbed sediment cores with known dichlobenil application were collected from topsoil to 8.5 m below surface resulting in 57 samples hereof 4 aquifer samples. Mineralization was only substantial (>10%) in the uppermost meter of the unsaturated zone. Microbial adaptation, observed as faster mineralization in pre-exposed than in pristine sediments from the same location, was only evident in sandy sediment where dichlobenil was still present, but not in clayey sediments. Higher initial concentrations (1-5000 μg/kg) did not stimulate mineralization in pristine clayey or sandy sediments, or in pre-exposed sand. However, in pre-exposed clay mineralization was stimulated at high concentrations. Furthermore BAM was for the first time mineralized in aerobic aquifer sediments from different BAM-contaminated groundwater locations.     

Genotypic variation of nitrogen use efficiency in Indian mustard

This experiment was conducted to investigate the variation of nitrogen efficiency (NE), nitrogen uptake efficiency (UE), physiological nitrogen use efficiency (PUE) among Indian mustard genotypes, grown under N-insufficient and N-sufficient conditions. Nitrogen efficiency varied from 52.7 to 92.8. Seed yield varied from 1.14 t ha(-1) to 3.21 t ha(-1) under N-insufficient condition, while 2.14 t ha(-1)-3.33 t ha(-1) under N-sufficient condition. Physiological basis of this difference was explained in terms of nitrogen uptake efficiency and physiological nitrogen use efficiency, and their relationship with the growth and yield characteristics. While nitrogen uptake efficiency was positively correlated with plant biomass (0.793**), leaf area index (0.664*), and leaf nitrogen content (0.783**), physiological nitrogen use efficiency is positively correlated with photosynthetic rate (0.689**) and yield (0.814**). This study suggests that genotype having high nitrogen uptake efficiency and high physiological nitrogen use efficiency might help in reducing the nitrogen load on soil without any penalty on the yield.     

Magnetic anomalies of forest soils in the Upper Silesia-Northern Moravia region

Previous investigations revealed a strong magnetic anomaly due to soil magnetic enhancement in the industrialized cross-border area of Upper Silesia (Poland) and Northern Moravia (Czech Republic). Since industrial and urban dusts contain magnetic particles, this soil magnetic enhancement is assumed to be of anthropogenic origin, caused by a high concentration of atmospherically deposited magnetic particles, accumulated in topsoil layers. This assumption is proved by investigations of vertical profiles of magnetic susceptibility along a transect crossing the border area of the two countries. The results show that the population of magnetic minerals in the organic horizon is different from that in the mineral horizons. The vertical distribution of magnetic susceptibility and thermomagnetic analysis suggests negligible lithogenic contribution. The observed relationship between magnetic susceptibility and some heavy metals, confirmed by micromorphological observations and microchemical analysis of magnetic particles separated from the organic horizons of forest topsoil, has proved the usefulness of soil magnetometry for pollution study.     

Predicting work performance in nuclear power plants

Diagnosis and monitoring are the major tasks of an operator in main control room of nuclear power plants (NPPs). The operator’s mental workload influences his/her performance, and furthermore, affects the system safety and operations. This study investigated the operator’s mental workload and work performance of the NPP in Taiwan. An experiment including primary and secondary tasks was designed to simulate the reactor shutdown procedure of the fourth nuclear power plant (FNPP). The performance of the secondary tasks (error rate), subjective mental workload (NASA Task Load Index, NASA-TLX) as well as seven physiological indices were assessed and measured. The group method of data handling (GMDH) was applied to integrate these physiological indices to develop a work performance predictive model. The validity of the proposed model is very well with R² = 0.84 and its prediction capability is high (95% confidence interval). The proposed model is expected to provide control room operators a reference value of their work performance by giving physiological indices. Besides NPPs, the proposed model can be applied to many other fields, e.g. aviation, air transportation control, driving and radar vigilance, etc.     

多环芳烃在不同灌区土壤剖面的分布特征研究

文章在不同类型灌溉用水的三个典型灌区进行土壤精细剖面钻探采样分析,研究16种优控多环芳烃在土壤剖面的分布特征和不同灌溉条件对土壤质量的影响。结果表明:表土是多环芳烃的主要累积层位,污灌区、再生水灌区、清灌区表土的多环芳烃总量分别为726、200、34μg/kg,说明长期进行污水和再生水灌溉均会造成不同程度的土壤污染;受多环芳烃自身理化性质的影响,低环的多环芳烃容易向土壤剖面的深部迁移,在表土以下的层位占绝对优势分布,高环的多环芳烃迁移性很弱,基本只在表层有检出;通过对各灌区剖面的典型多环芳烃含量和土壤理化指标进行相关分析和回归分析,得出TOC是多环芳烃在土壤剖面垂向迁移的主要影响因素。     

铸造行业挥发性有机物排放成分谱及影响

采用气袋-吸附管采样方法对京津冀地区9家铸造企业重点工序有组织和无组织排放气体进行采集,运用气相色谱-质谱联用技术（GC-MS）测定了56种VOCs组分,首次建立了铸造行业基于生产工序的VOCs源成分谱,并且结合臭氧生成潜势分析了VOCs对臭氧生成的贡献.结果表明,铸造行业VOCs特征组分主要为芳烃、卤代烃和含氧VOCs,平均占比分别为：50.9%、20.8%和12.6%.总体而言,甲苯、苯、间/对-二甲苯等芳烃,二氯甲烷、三氯乙烯等卤代烃,丙酮、乙酸乙酯、环戊酮等含氧VOCs和部分高碳烷烃是铸造行业的特征物种.铸造企业不同生产工序的VOCs特征物种与所使用溶剂、表面处理剂的成分相关.喷漆工序是铸造行业中排放浓度最高的环节,其次为造型、硅溶胶和浇注工序.不同生产工序排放VOCs的OFP在0.29~96.09 mg·m^-3之间.喷漆工序是铸造行业OFP最高的环节,其次是造型、熔炼和浇注工序;芳烃和含氧VOCs是各生产工序OFP贡献较高的组分.1,3,5-三甲苯、1,2,4-三甲苯、甲苯和间/对-二甲苯等芳烃是铸造行业OFP贡献较高的物种,总贡献比例超过60%.建议重点对喷漆工序排放VOCs采取有效治理措施;对造型、熔炼和浇注等工序排放VOCs应采取有效收集和治理措施.     

电厂燃煤烟尘PM2.5中化学组分特征

采集了阳泉市具有代表性的燃煤电厂除尘器下载灰,测定了其PM_(2.5)中元素、离子及EC(元素碳)、OC(有机碳)的含量水平,对其化学组分特征进行了研究,并运用分歧系数法对阳泉与其他地区的燃煤烟尘PM_(2.5)成分谱之间的相似程度进行了比较.结果发现,阳泉市电厂燃煤锅炉排放的细颗粒物(PM_(2.5))中主要组分为SO_4~(2-)、Ca、NO_3~-、OC、EC、Al、Si、Na、Fe、Mg以及Cl~-,占PM_(2.5)总质量的57.22%;Pb在燃煤烟尘PM_(2.5)中相对富集系数最大,达到10.66~15.91,呈显著富集;无烟煤和劣质煤燃烧后烟尘的PM_(2.5)成分谱之间的分歧系数为0.072,认为这两个成分谱必定相似,与其他城市所建立的燃煤烟尘成分谱相比,阳泉市燃煤电厂PM_(2.5)的化学组分具有特异性,尤其是Ca含量明显高于国内其他地区燃煤烟尘Ca的排放.