低温等离子体治理柴油机尾气污染的研究进展

柴油发动机以其良好的燃油经济性和动力学特性得到广泛应用,但是其尾气排放中的氮氧化物有害气体和难以分解的微粒物含量较多,造成了严重环境污染。目前,研究开发中的柴油机尾气后处理技术,如还原催化转化、氧化催化转化和微粒捕集等,存在催化剂价格昂贵、催化活性低、有效温度范围小和捕集器保持清洁状态困难等不足。国内外大量的研究结果证明,基于气体放电的低温等离子体技术能有效降低柴油机尾气污染物排放,且无二次污染。本文通过低温等离子体的产生,柴油机尾气中的氮氧化物和微粒物的净化,综合介绍了低温等离子体净化柴油机尾气技术的研究进展,针对当前研究中存在的问题,论述了今后的发展趋势。     

等离子体技术处理生化污泥能源化研究

分析了城市污水处理厂脱水污泥处理技术和污泥能源化上海曹阳污水厂脱水汛泥的组成和热值，进行了电弧等离子体技术的高温突跃特性应用于城市污水厂污泥的处理试验，得到类似于水煤气的气体产物，能直接点燃，火焰温度达８００Ｃ左右，处理后的污泥呈玻璃态或明显碳化，性状稳定，作为探索性试验，初步实现了高温突跃处理城市污泥的可能性。     

Endocrine modulation, inhibition of ovarian development and hepatic alterations in rainbow trout exposed to polluted river water

Under laboratory conditions, female rainbow trout were exposed to graded concentrations of water from the River Lambro, a polluted tributary of the River Po, and to the effluent of a large wastewater treatment plant which flows into the River Lambro. In field exposures, trout were held in cages in the River Po upstream and downstream from the confluence of the River Lambro. After 10-day (laboratory) and 30-day (laboratory and field) exposures, trout were examined for several chemical, biochemical and histological endpoints. The results indicated that exposure to complex mixtures of chemicals, including estrogen receptor agonists, aryl-hydrocarbon receptor agonists, and probably antiandrogens, had occurred. Exposure altered the plasma levels of 17β-estradiol and testosterone, and some treatments also enhanced the activity of hepatic ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase. Gonadal histology showed varying levels of degenerative processes characterised by oocyte atresia, haemorrhages, melano-macrophage centres (MMCs), and oogonia proliferation. Liver histology showed less severe effects.     

微波消解-ICP-OES法测定蔬菜中的镉

采用微波消解-ICP-OES法测定蔬菜中的镉,选择了最佳微波消解条件,确定了分析线.方法检出限为0.002 μg/L,相对标准偏差为1.1%,加标回收率为100%～104%,与干灰化法作对照试验,测定结果经t检验无显著差异.     

外源激素对白花龙插条生根的影响

研究不同种类和浓度的外源激素对白花龙生根能力的影响.结果表明,选择适当种类的外源激素和适宜浓度的外源激素可显著提高白花龙的扦插繁殖效果.其中,用250mg/L萘乙酸溶液浸泡插穗5min,其生根率最高,可达61.67%.     

等离子体汽车尾气治理技术

等离子体技术应用于环境污染防治领域具有处理效率高、投资省、运行成本低、不产生二次污染等优点，已成功地运用于固体废物、废水和废气的治理，并成为近年来全世界广泛研究的课题。本文概述了汽车尾气治理技术的现状，探讨了等离子体处理废气的作用机理及其在汽车尾气治理中的应用，最后提出了等离子体处理汽车尾气技术在工业应用中尚需解决的问题。     

Production of high quality syngas from argon/water plasma gasification of biomass and waste

Extremely hot thermal plasma was used for the gasification of biomass (spruce sawdust, wood pellets) and waste (waste plastics, pyrolysis oil). The plasma was produced by a plasma torch with DC electric arc using unique hybrid stabilization. The torch input power of 100–110 kW and the mass flow rate of the gasified materials of tens kg/h was set up during experiments. Produced synthetic gas featured very high content of hydrogen and carbon monoxide (together approximately 90%) that is in a good agreement with theory. High quality of the produced gas is given by extreme parameters of used plasma – composition, very high temperature and low mass flow rate.     

Enrichment of elements in industrial waste incineration bottom ashes obtained from three different types of incinerators,as studied by ICP-AES and ICP-MS

The elemental composition of the industrial waste incineration bottom ash (IWIBA) samples collected from three different types of incinerator with different kinds of wastes were compared. The major-to-ultratrace elements in the IWIBA samples were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). As a result, ca. 40 elements in the concentration range from milligrams per gram to submicrograms per gram could be determined with relative standard deviations of less than 5%. The IWIBA sample from petrochemical wastes contained lower concentrations of the elements, because fewer mineral constituents were contained in the input waste materials. On the contrary, the elemental concentrations in the IWIBA sample from industrial solid wastes provided the highest values for most elements, while the elemental compositions of the IWIBA sample from food wastes were similar to those of municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash. In addition, it was found from the analytical results that the levels of various heavy metals such as Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, As, Zr, Mo, Sb, Ba, and Pb were higher in the IWIBA samples than in municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash. The enrichment factors of the elements in the IWIBA samples were estimated from the analytical results to compare the elemental distributions in incineration bottom ashes in relation to their mining influence factors, which are the indices for human use of the elements.     

The influence of deoxynivalenol and zearalenone on steroid hormone production by porcine ovarian granulosa cells in vitro

Fusarium mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEA) are frequently occurring in feed of pigs together. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible in vitro effects of DON and ZEA, alone or their combination on steroid secretion of porcine ovarian granulosa cells (GCs). A species-specific model with porcine ovarian GCs was used to study the potential endocrine disrupting effects of DON and ZEA alone and in co-exposure. Progesterone (P4) and estradiol (E2) were determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results of this study demonstrate that DON alone at the higher concentrations may act to stimulate P4 (at 1,000, 2,000, 3,000 and 5,000 ng mL^?1 but not 10 and 100 ng mL^?1) and E2 (at 2,000, 3,000 and 5,000 ng mL^?1 but not 10, 100 and 1000 ng mL^?1) secretion. The effects of ZEA on P4 and E2 secretion were not confirmed. DON in combination with the other fusariotoxin ZEA may impair steroidogenesis. Results aslo demonstrate different toxicological effects of fusariotoxins on follicle stimulating hormone-induced secretion of P4 and E2. All these results taken together suggest that fusariotoxin and their interactions can impact ovarian steroidogenesis, thereby demonstrating their potential reproductive effects in pigs.     

等离子体技术应用于气相污染物治理综述

近年来利用等离子体技术对气态污染物的氧化分解研究受到了广泛的关注.介绍了等离子体概念、分类及产生方法,简述了非平衡等离子体技术对气体污染物的降解原理,较全面地介绍了等离子体技术在脱硫、脱硝以及降解挥发性有机物(VOCs)等方面的研究.最后指出了今后等离子体处理废气的应用研究方向.