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粉尘,SO2,NOx等的煤烟型复合污染是我国尤其是南方我的主要类型。本文根据实验观测,详细分析了主要污染物间的相互作用过程及其复污染物从产生,转移至植物界面的运动过程及其特点。 相似文献
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长江三角洲地层的年代学研究对探讨晚第四纪以来我国东部沿海地区陆海交互作用历史以及海岸地貌的形成与演化具有重要价值。本研究选择长江三角洲YZ07和EGQD14两支钻孔开展系统光释光(optically stimulated luminescence,OSL)测年研究,总结前期已发表的50个年代数据并收集整理该区域相关钻孔的年代地层资料,探讨在可靠的年代框架约束下晚第四纪长江三角洲沉积地层演变特征,取得了以下几点认识:(1)在长江三角洲地区,常规OSL测年以较细石英颗粒OSL测年效果较为理想;对粗颗粒石英,若存在长石包裹体对石英OSL信号的影响,建议用脉冲释光测年(POSL)技术加以解决。(2)以YZ07孔为例,14C测年和OSL测年结果对比表明在三角洲海岸地区,14C测年方法建立的年代地层框架需要谨慎对待,建议在此区域开展年代地层学研究时可以尝试将两种测年方法结合使用,以确保年代地层框架的准确和可靠。(3)针对争议较大的氧同位素3阶段(MIS3)沉积环境问题,EGQD14孔给出了新的年代学证据,认为MIS3阶段(约30?—?50 ka)长江三角洲可能是陆地河流相沉积环境为主导,这也得到了区域相邻的几支钻孔沉积记录的佐证。(4)两支钻孔从年代学角度证实了前人关于末次盛冰期(Last Glacial Maximum,LGM)以来长江三角洲发育下切河谷的沉积学判识和地层学论断。此外,多钻孔的年代地层学特征也验证了全新世时段海平面变化控制下的长江三角洲及海岸演变的时空动态。 相似文献
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测土配方施肥对油菜生产的影响——基于1 722份田间试验材料的经济学分析 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
论文基于1 722份田间试验数据,将氮、磷、钾肥的投入量和油菜的产出量分别折算为相应的具体投入值和产出值,首先,运用超越对数生产函数模型计算出各种化肥要素的边际产出,研究发现氮、磷、钾肥的投入对油菜产出值的作用大小存在一定差异,对油菜产出值的影响大小关系为氮肥>磷肥>钾肥,其中氮肥的产出弹性值为0.288 3,磷肥的产出弹性值为0.180 3,钾肥的产出弹性值为0.087 7。其次,继续探究氮、磷、钾肥在油菜生产中的相互关系,结果显示,氮肥替代弹性系数为-0.058 8,磷肥为0.120 9,钾肥为0.281 0。最后,测算出使油菜产出值最大的氮肥最佳投入值为951.20 元/hm2,最佳磷肥投入值为3 766.08 元/hm2,最佳钾肥投入值为621.32 元/hm2。 相似文献
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Suwei Zhang Qijie Zhang Armand Albergel Didier Buty Liangmin Yu Haiting Wang Wuxia Bi Peng Cheng Fu Chen Jun Fang Ruirui Hou Xudong Luan Changgan Shu Jingjing Su 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2018,30(9):119-126
Particulate matter(PM) in the Kunshan High-Tech zone is studied during a three-month campaign. PM and trace elements are measured by the online pollution monitoring, forecastwarning and source term retrieval system AS3. Hourly measured concentrations of PM_(10), PM_(2.5) and 16 trace elements in the PM_(2.5) section(Ca, Pb, Cu, Cl, V, Cr, Fe, Ti, Mn, Ni, Zn, Ga, As, Se, Sr, Ba)are focused. Source apportionment of trace elements by Positive Matrix Factorization modeling indicates that there are five major sources, including dust, industrial processing, traffic,combustion, and sea salt with contribution rate of 23.68%, 21.66%, 14.30%, 22.03%, and 6.89%,respectively. Prediction of plume dispersion from concrete plant and traffic emissions shows that PM_(10) pollution of concrete plant is three orders of magnitude more than that of the traffic. The influence range can extend to more than 3 km in 1 hr. Because the footprint of the industrial plumes is constantly moving according to the local meteorological conditions, the fixed monitoring sites scattered in a few hundred meters haven't captured the heaviest pollution plume at the local scale of a few km~2. As a more intensive monitoring network is not operationally possible, the use of online modeling gives accurate and quantitative information of plume location, which increases the spatial pollution monitoring capacity and improves the understanding of measurement data. These results indicate that the development of the AS3 system, which combines monitoring equipment and air pollution modeling systems, is beneficial to the real-time pollution monitoring in the industrial zone. 相似文献
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Shubo Deng Danmeng Shuai Qiang Yu Jun Huang Gang Yu 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2009,3(2):171-177
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), as a potential persistent organic pollutant, has been widely detected in water environments,
and has become a great concern in recent years. PFOS is very stable and difficult to decompose using conventional techniques.
Sorption may be an attractive method to remove it from water. In this study, the molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) adsorbents
were prepared through the polymerization of 4-vinylpyridine under different preparation conditions in order to remove perfluorooctane
sulfonate (PFOS) from water. The MIP adsorbents using perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) as the template had good imprinting effects
and could selectively remove PFOS from aqueous solution. The sorption behaviors including sorption kinetics, isotherms, and
effect of pH, salt, and competitive anions were investigated. Experimental results showed that the sorption of PFOS on the
MIP adsorbents was very fast, pH-dependent, and highly selective. The achieved fast sorption equilibrium within 1 h was attributed
to the surface sorption on the fine adsorbents. The sorption isotherms showed that the sorption selectivity of PFOS on the
MIP adsorbents decreased at high PFOS concentrations, which may be due to the double-layer sorption and the formation of PFOS
micelles on the sorbent surface. The sorption of PFOS on the MIP adsorbents was mainly dominated by the electrostatic interaction
between the protonated vinylpyridine on the adsorbent surface and the anionic PFOS. The prepared MIP adsorbents can potentially
be applied in water and wastewater treatment for selective removal of PFOS. 相似文献
69.
The vibration of dip tube in multi-burner gasifier changes the stress at the connection, causing flange seal failures and high temperature gas erosions with heavy economic losses and industrial accidents. This work aims to reveal the dip tube vibration mechanism, with special focus on obtaining the effect of operational parameters on the fatigue damage and long-term stable operation of gasifiers. A three-dimensional numerical simulation of the water-scrubbing cooling chamber was conducted to obtain the excitation source in the flow field. Then a FSI (fluid-structure interaction) transient dynamics simulation was carried out to investigate the vibration characteristics. Two major flow forms were found: a vertical annular flow near the dip tube outlet in the water-scrubbing cooling chamber; and a gas-liquid coupled flow caused by the syngas entrained the liquid. These two unstable multiphase flow forms exerted an energy excitation on the dip tube, resulting in a self-excited flutter. The dip tube vibration was similar to the first mode of a cantilever beam. The peak frequency was less affected by the initial liquid level and the syngas stream inlet velocity, which was close to its own first natural frequency. Note that, the alternating load generated by vibration may cause fatigue damage, which needs to be specifically considered in the design and manufacturing process of opposed multi-burner gasifier. 相似文献
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