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151.
Trace metal export by stormwater runoff from a major road and local street in urban Sydney, Australia, is compared using pollutant yield rating curves derived from intensive sampling data. The event loads of copper, lead and zinc are well approximated by logarithmic relationships with respect to total event discharge owing to the reliable appearance of a first flush in pollutant mass loading from urban roads. Comparisons of the yield rating curves for these three metals show that copper and zinc export rates from the local street are comparable with that of the major road, while lead export from the local street is much higher, despite a 45-fold difference in traffic volume. The yield rating curve approach allows problematic environmental data to be presented in a simple yet meaningful manner with less information loss. 相似文献
152.
Characteristics of the event mean concentration (EMC) from rainfall runoff on an urban highway 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The purpose of this study was to investigate the characterization of the event mean concentration (EMC) of runoff during heavy precipitation events on highways. Highway runoff quality data were collected from the 7th highway, in South Korea during 2007-2009. The samples were analyzed for runoff quantity and quality parameters such as CODcr, TSS, TPHs, TKN, NO3, TP, PO4 and six heavy metals, e.g., As, Cu, Cd, Ni, Pb and Zn. Analysis of resulting hydrographs and pollutant graphs indicates that the peak of the pollutant concentrations in runoff occurs 20 min after the first rainfall runoff occurrence. The first flush effect depends on the preceding dry period and the rainfall intensity. The results of this study can be used as a reference for water quality management of urban highways. 相似文献
153.
阐述了化学合成类制药工业污染排放自行监测方案的编制依据,分析了化学合成制药的生产工艺与污染排放特征,在此基础上提出了自行监测方案的主要内容,以及监测点位、监测指标、监测频次设定的注意事项,并明确了特殊情况监测方案的设计原则及自行监测信息记录的相关内容。 相似文献
154.
分子生物学在生物强化处理环境污染物中的应用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
综述了分子生物学的相关技术在生物强化处理环境污染物中的应用,主要包括:通过分子生物技术育种、筛选、构建高效降解污染物微生物菌株;提供更科学、快捷、准确多样的环境监测和环境评价技术手段;探索微生物与环境污染物间的相互关系,及微生物降解污染物的有关基因定位,相关主要技术有:核酸探针检测、DNA-DNA杂交,rRNA和rRNA基因序列分析。质粒指纹图谱分析、聚合酶链式反应(PCR)、低分子量PNA分布图及由PCR技术发展而带动的基因多态性技术,如变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)、随机扩增多态性DNA技术(RAPD)等。 相似文献
155.
A successful application of reaction transport algorithms to calculate the chemical evolution of natural systems requires accurate methods to compute the rates of mineral/fluid surface reactions. Regarding the transport of radio-nuclides in mining dumps the dissolution of minerals is of special importance. Using a kinetic rate law of the mineral dissolution verified for unsaturated conditions will allow a realistic modelling of the mineral weathering in the environment. Dissolution rates of minerals in an aqueous solution are determined by several characteristics. These are surface reaction rates, morphology of the mineral's surface and, in case it is the unsaturated zone, the degree of the water saturation. For this process, the quantity of the particle surfaces which are in contact with percolating water is most decisive. In order to study the differences of mineral dissolution under saturated and unsaturated conditions batch and column experiments were carried out with a pyrite-calcite mixture. The experimental results were verified by calculations. Comparing the dissolution in batch with those in the column experiment, which was performed with a water flow velocity of 0.64 cm/day and was analyzed in the region of a water saturation of 0.11, one can conclude that only a small portion of about 5% of the grain surface is chemically reactive in this unsaturated flow. 相似文献
156.
157.
Rubio MA Lissi E Jorquera H Salinas E Castro J Cádiz M 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2008,140(1-3):161-173
Carbon monoxide concentrations were measured at ground level (1 m) near heavy traffic streets in downtown Santiago de Chile
in periods of low (November and December), intermediate (April) and high (May) ambient concentrations. Also, measurements
were carried out at several heights (from 1 to 127 m) in Santiago’s main street during winter time. Measurements carried out
at ground level show maximum values during the morning rush hour, with values considerably higher than those reported by the
urban air quality network, particularly in summer time. However, the measured values are below air quality standards. Vertical
CO profiles were measured in a tower located in the center of downtown. Below 40 m (average altitude of neighboring buildings),
the profiles do not show a consistent vertical gradient, with CO concentrations increasing or decreasing with height, regardless
of atmospheric stability. In this low altitude range, the observed vertical profiles are poorly predicted by a street canyon
model, and the measured concentrations can not be described by a simple exponential decay. At higher altitudes (40 and 127 m)
a negative gradient in CO concentrations is observed, both for stable and unstable atmospheric conditions. The values of CO
measured at 127 m are relatively well described by an Eulerian dispersion model running with current CO emission inventories
for Santiago, although this model tends to predict stepper CO gradients than the observed ones. 相似文献
158.
淀山湖水质状况及富营养化评价 总被引:17,自引:4,他引:13
对2001年—2007年淀山湖水质监测结果进行了分析和评价。结果表明,淀山湖的水质均未达到Ⅱ类水质标准,主要超标项目为氨氮、TP、TN、石油类、IMn、COD和BOD5。综合营养状态指数为60.79~63.57,均处于中度富营养状态,chla与石油类和透明度具有很好的相关性,与TP具有较好的负相关性,与BOD5具有一定的负相关性,与水温、DO、IMn、COD、氨氮、TN的相关性不显著。chla季节变化较为明显。 相似文献
159.
160.
Dawei Yu Jianxing Wang Libin Zheng Qianwen Sui Hui Zhong Meixue Cheng Yuansong Wei 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2020,14(6):101