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排序方式: 共有410条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
31.
Corrosion is the main reason for the failure of buried gas pipelines. For effective corrosion failure probability analysis, the structural reliability theory was adopted in this study to establish two calculation models for pipeline corrosion failure: the pressure failure model and von Mises stress failure model. Then, two calculation models for the corrosion failure probability were established based on a corrosion depth growth model obtained from actual survey data of soil corrosion characteristics. In an example, Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) and subset simulation (SS) were used to analyze the corrosion failure probability of pipelines, and the results were compared. SS can compensate for the shortcomings of MCS as it has higher computational efficiency and accuracy. Therefore, SS was adopted to simulate variations in the corrosion failure probability of buried pipelines with the service time for the two failure probability calculation models, which were applied to a natural gas pipeline located in a chemical industry park in Zhuhai, China. A sensitivity analysis was carried out on the relevant parameters that affect the failure probability. The results showed that multiple loads caused by the covering soil, residual stress, temperature differential, and bending stress have a non-negligible effect on the pipeline reliability. The corrosion coefficients gradually become the most important factors that affect the failure probability with increased service time. The proposed methodology considers the actual operating conditions of pipelines to provide a reliable theoretical basis for integrity management. 相似文献
32.
排污总量控制的最优化原则探讨 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
从环境经济学的最优化原则出发,对上海市推行的排污总量控制,超量排污罚款和对允许排放量限度内的排污征收生态环境补偿费进行了论述。根据最优化原则,污染物排放总量应该设置在最佳污染物排放量点,并且不同的河段应该设置相应的允许排放量;单位超量排污罚款价格不可过低,并且应该随着超量排污的增长而增加,以一个合适的费率征收生态环境补偿费会促使企业不断改进它的污染物治理技术,从而减少对水体的污染。因此,这三才是将 相似文献
33.
Z. Ning C.S. Cheung Y. Lu M.A. Liu W.T. Hung 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2005,39(40):7880-7893
The aim of the work presented here is to study experimentally and numerically the dispersion characteristics of vehicular exhaust plume at an idle condition in an idealized and simplified environment. The gaseous and particulate concentrations in the exhaust plume of three idling motor vehicles were measured in an isolated environment under calm weather conditions. Despite the difference in the initial concentrations, the pollutants decayed exponentially in all directions.The CFD code PHOENICS 3.3, with the k–ε eddy dissipation sub-model, was used for the numerical simulation. The simulated results match very well with the experimental results close to the source of emission but decay to the ambient concentrations much slower. The effects of the initial emission concentration, exit velocity, exit direction and crosswind intensity have been investigated parametrically. The initial pollutant concentration will increase the local concentrations but the pattern of dispersion remains the same. The exit velocity will increase the momentum of the jet, resulting in a deeper penetration downstream. The exit angle has a stronger influence on pollutant dispersion than both initial pollutant concentration and exit velocity. When the exit angle is 15°, the pollutants tend to spread on the ground region. Crosswind shows a significant effect on the dispersion of the exhaust plume also. It will divert the plume to disperse in the same direction of the wind with limited penetration in the downstream direction. 相似文献
34.
35.
Viney P. Aneja R. G. Oommen A. J. Riordan S. P. Arya R. J. Wayland George C. Murray 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》1999,33(30):3852
As part of an effort by the state of North Carolina to develop a State Implementation Plan (SIP) for 1-h peak ozone control, a network of ozone stations was established to monitor surface ozone concentrations across the state. Between 19 and 23 ozone stations made continuous surface measurements between 1993 and 1995 surrounding three major metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs): Raleigh/Durham (RDU), Charlotte/Mecklenburg (CLT), and Greensboro/High Point/Winston-Salem (GSO). Statistical averages of the meteorological and ozone data were performed at each Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) to study trends and/or relationships on high ozone days (days in which one of the MSA sites measured an hourly ozone concentration90.0 ppbv). County emission maps of precursor gases, wind roses, total area averages of ozone, total downwind averages of ozone deviations, upwind averages of ozone, and a modified delta ozone analysis were all obtained and analyzed. The results of this study show a reduction in the delta ozone relative to an earlier study at RDU, but no average significant change at CLT (no comparison can be made for GSO). The statistical data analyses in this study are used to quantify the importance of local contributions and regional transport, to ozone air pollution in the MSAs. 相似文献
36.
煤气发生站洗冷废水治理研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
研究了以活性炭作为吸附剂处理煤气发生站废水工艺,并摸索出一整套的工艺参数。实验结果表明,采用活性炭吸附工艺使出水水质得到明显改观,硫化物、氰化物和挥发酚的去除效率均达90%以上,对CODcr、氨氮的去除也收到了明显的效果。 相似文献
37.
QIU Rongliang WANG Shizhong QIU Hao WANG Xuemei LIAO Jin ZHANG Zhentian 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2009,21(8):1108-1118
The current acid deposition critical loads in Guangdong, China were calculated using the PROFILE model with a 3 km × 3 km resolution. Calculations were carried out for critical loads of potential acidity, actual acidity, sulfur and nitrogen, with values in extents of 0–3.5, 0–14.0, 0–26.0 and 0–3.5 kmol/(hm2·year), respectively. These values were comparable to previously reported results and reflected the influences of vegetation and soil characteristics on the soil acid buffering capacity. Simulations of S... 相似文献
38.
以某校区的水体(A水库、B湖)为受纳水体,对降雨产生的路面径流及A水库和B湖水体进行采样,水质分析项目分别为pH、COD(化学需氧量)、SS(悬浮物)、TN(总氮)、TP(总磷)。以COD、SS作为主要的水质分析项目进行比较分析,确定路面降雨径流污染的主要特征,径流污染对校园水库、湖泊水质的影响。经过比较分析,提出采用植被控制法作为该校区路面径流污染控制措施对受纳水体进行保护。 相似文献
39.
目的根据综合模块化航空电子设备的特点,研究LRM模块的载荷分解方法。方法通过仿真和试验方法,对LRM模块所承受的温度和振动载荷进行分解,并详细论述两种方法的具体实现过程。结果将模块载荷分解方法成功运用于某工程系统中,验证了方法的有效性。结论 LRM模块的载荷分解方法能够指导其他类似综合模块化航空电子设备的载荷分解,推动LRM模块合理的独立环境试验及交付。 相似文献
40.
利用2014年铜川市空气质量指数(AQI)、常规气象资料和NECP/NCAR再分析资料,分析2014年铜川市AQI与首要污染物的时间分布,并探讨典型重污染时段的气象条件。结果表明:夏季AQI小于全年均值,首要污染物以臭氧为主,秋冬AQI较高,首要污染物以PM为主。2月的环流条件不利于污染物的扩散,500 hpa位势高度与AQI的变2.5化存在一定相关性,高空条件是2月持续污染的一个重要原因。春节和元宵节期间AQI均达到重度污染等级,对此间出现的连续性空气重度污染的气象条件分析得出,在高空稳定的平直纬向西风,配合地面的弱低压这一天气形势下,相对稳定的大气层结和持续较强逆温使得污染物难以扩散进而堆积,是持续数日重度污染的重要原因。 相似文献