模拟酸雨对浙东北红壤中盐基离子和铝的淋失影响研究

通过对浙江省东北部杭州至宁波地区两个红壤剖面的模拟酸雨淋溶实验研究表明，随着时间的延续，盐基离子的淋失浓度会在某一时期出现一个峰值。该峰值的出现与酸雨的ｐＨ值并不简单相关，Ａｌ＾３＋的淋失浓度只是在酸雨ｐＨ值＝２．５左右才显增高并在淋出液ｐＨ＝４．０时有一个阈值，经ｐＨ＝２．５－３．０模拟酸雨１０余年降水量的淋溶，红壤中淋出液的ｐＨ值下降不超过０．８。     

4-氯苯酚在水溶液中的光化学反应(Ⅰ)单线态氧和自由基的产生

在模拟太阳光照射下，４氯苯酚（４ＣＰ）浓度迅速降低，反应过程对应着产生大量的单线态氧和自由基．金属离子Ｆｅ２＋、Ｆｅ３＋、Ａｌ３＋能够加速这一过程，尤以Ｆｅ２＋、Ｆｅ３＋的影响更明显；在模拟太阳光照射下，向４ＣＰ体系加入的富里酸（ＦＡ），对４ＣＰ浓度降低略起抑制作用，这表明二者之间存在相互作用．但当再加入金属离子Ｆｅ２＋、Ｆｅ３＋、Ａｌ３＋后，能够加速４ＣＰ浓度降低，尤以Ｆｅ２＋、Ｆｅ３＋的影响更显著．     

磷酸废水封闭循环处理的实验研究

本法由４个化工单元操作组成：旋流离心分离、絮凝、重力沉降和混合稠浆过滤。实验结果表明：第１级旋流离心分离效率在８０％以上。第２级含固相细粒的旋流溢流采用絮凝预处理后,沉降速度提高近３０倍,清液含固量在２００×１０－６以下。１、２级稠浆在混合比为１．５可达良好的过滤性能。本实验结果为磷酸废水封闭循环处理工艺设计、设备设计,以及操作控制提供了理论依据。     

利用硫铁矿渣（灰）制取海绵铁

结合硫酸生产的特点，充分利用废热的方法，提出一种采用流态化技术，还原回收硫铁矿渣（灰）中铁元素的工艺流程，并对流程中的流态化还原炉进行了初步的物料，热理衡算，同时对该工艺流程技术经济比较作了小结。认为此工艺流程技术可靠，有直接经济效益，对综合利用硫铁矿渣（灰）中的铁元素，消除渣（灰）对环境的污染，有着深远的意义。     

Effects of low pH on zooplankton in some suburban waterbodies of Chongqing City

ＥｆｆｅｃｔｓｏｆｌｏｗｐＨｏｎｚｏｏｐｌａｎｋｔｏｎｉｎｓｏｍｅｓｕｂｕｒｂａｎｗａｔｅｒｂｏｄｉｅｓｏｆＣｈｏｎｇｑｉｎｇＣｉｔｙＺｈｕａｎｇＤｅｈｕｉ（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＨｙｄｒｏｂｉｏｌｏｇｙ，ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｃａｄｅｍｙｏｆＳｃｉｅｎｃ...     

An evaluation of quality assurance to monitor acidprecipitation by using ion balancein Guizhou, China

ＡｎｅｖａｌｕａｔｉｏｎｏｆｑｕａｌｉｔｙａｓｓｕｒａｎｃｅｔｏｍｏｎｉｔｏｒａｃｉｄｐｒｅｃｉｐｉｔａｔｉｏｎｂｙｕｓｉｎｇｉｏｎｂａｌａｎｃｅｉｎＧｕｉｚｈｏｕ，ＣｈｉｎａＫａｎｇＤｅｍｅｎｇ（ＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＣｅｎｔｅｒｆｏｒＥｃｏ－Ｅｎｖｉｒ...     

Fe2+-H2O2法处理DSD酸生产氧化母液的研究

为改善DSD酸氧化母液的可生化降解性,将废液先用有机絮凝剂TS-1(一种季胺盐)处理,TS-1的投加量为3g/L,其后用Fe²⁺-H₂O₂法氧化,Fe²⁺和H₂O₂的量分别为150mg/L,7g/L,废液COD和色度的去除率分别可达64%和62%。经处理后的废水,其BOD₅/COD≈0.3,可以认为已达到生化处理的要求。当H₂O₂的投量为2g/L,经Fe²⁺-H₂O₂氧化处理后的废液,再用FeCl₃进行两级混凝处理(FeCl₃的投加量分别为5g/L和2g/L),则COD和色度的去除率可达90%和95%。     

碳源类型对A~2O系统脱氮除磷的影响

采用52.5 L的A2O反应器,以乙酸和丙酸分别作为进水唯一碳源,系统研究了进水碳源类型对脱氮除磷和代谢过程的影响.结果表明,在进水COD为250 mg/L左右,NH+4-N为52 mg/L左右的条件下,原水碳源类型对TN的去除影响不大,系统TN去除率均在65%左右.进水碳源类型对TP的去除及相应污泥中PHA的类型、含量和代谢及糖原的变化影响较大.乙酸为唯一碳源时,厌氧区放磷浓度较高,污泥中PHA的成分主要为PHB和PHV,两者在厌氧区的合成量差别不大,PHB在随后的反应过程中变化较大,对除磷代谢过程起主要作用,而PHV的变化较小.丙酸作为进水唯一碳源时,厌氧区的放磷浓度偏低,主要合成PHV,几乎不含PHB,PHV在随后吸磷过程中浓度变化较大,对除磷代谢起主要作用,而且出水TP浓度偏低.碳源类型对污泥中糖原的代谢也有影响,乙酸为碳源时糖原的含量高,变化范围也较大,丙酸为碳源时糖原的变化幅度较小.在同步脱氮除磷系统中,与乙酸相比,丙酸是一种更合适的碳源.     

硝酸-高氯酸消解——原子荧光法测定茶叶中的硒

建立硝酸-高氯酸消解-原子荧光法测定茶叶中的硒的方法,硒浓度在0．00～40．00μg／L范围内与荧光强度呈线性关系,线性方程为y=31．2647,线性相关系数r=0．9996。样品6次定结果的相对标准偏差为3．9％,加标回收率为90．8％-95．2％。环境标准物质测定结果与标准值相吻合。     

European scale application of atmospheric reactive nitrogen measurements in a low-cost approach to infer dry deposition fluxes

A European scale network was established in 2006 as part of the NitroEurope Integrated Project to infer reactive nitrogen (Nr) dry deposition fluxes, based on low-cost sampling of gaseous and aerosol species and inferential modelling. The network provides monthly measurements of NH₃, NH₄⁺, HNO₃ and NO₃⁻, as well as SO₂, SO₄²⁻, HCl, Cl⁻ and base cations at 58 sites. Measurements are made with an established low-cost denuder methodology (DELTA) as a basis to: (1) examine temporal trends and spatial patterns across Europe, (2) improve and calibrate inferential modelling techniques to estimate exchange of Nr species, (3) provide best estimates of atmospheric dry N deposition, and (4) permit an analysis of net GHG exchange in relation to atmospheric and agricultural N inputs at the European scale. Responsibility for measurements is shared among seven European laboratories. An inter-comparison of the DELTA implementation by 6 laboratories at 4 test sites (Montelibretti, Italy; Braunschweig, Germany; Paterna, Spain and Auchencorth, UK) from July to October 2006 provided training for the laboratories and showed that good agreement was achieved in different climatic conditions (87% of laboratory site-means within 20% of the inter-laboratory median). Results obtained from the first year of measurements show substantial spatial variability in atmospheric Nr concentrations, illustrating the major local (NH₃) and regional (HNO₃, NO₃⁻, and NH₄⁺) differences in Nr concentrations. These results provide the basis to develop future estimates of site-based Nr dry deposition fluxes across Europe, and highlight the role of NH₃, largely of agricultural origin, which was the largest single constituent and will dominate dry Nr fluxes at most sites.