百色市大气可吸入颗粒物PM2.5中多环芳烃污染特征及健康风险评价

为调查百色市大气颗粒物PM2.5中16种多环芳烃(PAHs)的污染特征,于2013年冬、夏两季采集了百色市城、郊2个不同采样点的大气样品,采用HPLC分析了16种US EPA优控PAHs的质量浓度、组分特征,运用同分异构体比率法揭示其污染来源.结果表明:百色市大气PM25中∑PAHs质量浓度为4.7～ 142.3 ng/m3,低于我国制定的PM2.5中PAHs的年均值(35 μg/m3);百色市城区、郊区2个采样点大气PM2.5中PAHs的质量浓度分别为6.9～ 142.3 ng/m3和4.7～ 109.6ng/m3,平均值为37.2 ng/m3和24.7 ng/m3,不同环数PAHs质量浓度从大到小为4环、5环、3环、6环、2环,4环、5环PAHs分别占∑PAHs的42.9％～ 50.7％和18.4％～22.4％;主要的单种PAHs为茚并[1,2,3-cd]芘、苯并[g,h,i]苝、(苊)、苯并[b]荧蒽和苯并[k]荧蒽.冬季∑PAHs质量浓度高于夏季.PM2.5中苯并[a]芘等效毒性(BEQ)为2.3～7.4,与其他城市相比,BEQ属于中下等水平.PM2.5中的PAHs源自煤及机动车辆燃油的燃烧.     

含芳香族硝基化合物废水处理技术的现状及发展前景

综述了芳香族硝基化合物废水物理、化学和生化处理技术的现状,介绍了两种最新的废水处理技术——纳米技术和等离子体技术,并展望了此类废水处理技术的应用前景。     

沉积物中2株多环芳烃降解菌的分离鉴定及其对菲、荧蒽的降解特性

从长江重庆主城段近岸表层沉积物中,分离出2株能以菲和荧蒽为碳源和能源生长的菌株(命名为CJ1、CJ2),经鉴定分别为黄杆菌属(Flavobacterium sp.)和克雷伯氏杆菌属(Klebsiella sp.)。进行了菲和荧蒽在初始浓度为20~200 mg/L条件下的生长代谢过程与降解动力学分析。结果表明,CJ1对菲和荧蒽的降解效能总体优于CJ2。15 d时CJ1和CJ2对菲的降解率最高分别为74.3%和70.3%;30 d时CJ1和CJ2对荧蒽的降解率最高分别为58.2%和49.9%。初始浓度为200 mg/L时,两菌株对菲、荧蒽的降解受到一定程度抑制。     

Soil pollution by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: A comparison of two Chinese cities

Soil samples from Huizhou and Zhanjiang, China were analyzed for 16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with harmonized sampling, sample extraction and analysis quantification methods. The concentrations and sources of PAHs in soil samples of the two cities were compared. Almost all of the PAH components were detectable in 103 soil samples. The concentrations of ΣPAHs ranged from 35.40 to 534.5 g/kg in soil samples from Huizhou, and ranged from 9.50 to 6618.00 g/kg in samples from Zhanjiang. Evident differences of concentrations, compositions and sources of PAHs in soils were observed between the two cities. The average concentrations of individual component and the sum of a group of PAHs in soil samples from Zhanjiang were significantly higher than those in Huizhou (P < 0.05). Phe, Flu, Pyr, Bbf and Baa were the dominant PAH components both in soil samples from Huizhou and Zhanjiang. Except for these five components, Bap, I1p, Daa and Bgp were also the dominant PAH components in soil samples from Zhanjiang. Coal combustion and liquid fossil fuel combustion were the same sources of PAHs in the two cities with different contributions, and petroleum played a key role in PAHs release in Zhanjiang.     

Aromatic compound degradation by iron reducing bacteria isolated from irrigated tropical paddy soils

Forty-six candidate phenol/benzoate degrading-iron reducing bacteria were isolated from long term irrigated tropical paddy soils by enrichment procedures.Pure cultures and some prepared mixed cultures were examined for ferric oxide reduction and phenol/benzoate degradation.All the isolates were iron reducers,but only 56.5%could couple iron reduction to phenol and/or benzoate degradation,as evidenced by depletion of phenol and benzoate after one week incubation.Analysis of degradative capability using Biolog...     

Organic pollutants in paper-recycling process water discharge areas: first detection and emission in aquatic environment

In this study, eight compounds have been identified and quantified from the samples collected from paper-recycling process water discharge areas. In particular, five aryl hydrocarbons, including a novel chlorinated aryl ether, were identified for the first time as environmental pollutants. In the effluent stream, concentration levels of up to 1600 microg L(-1) and 190 microg g(-1) were detected in the surface water and surface sediment, respectively. The results of this study have raised concerns regarding the organic chemicals used in thermal paper and the environmental consequences of their release.     

Effects of petroleum contamination on soil microbial numbers, metabolic activity and urease activity

The influence of petroleum contamination on soil microbial activities was investigated in 13 soil samples from sites around an injection water well (Iw-1, 2, 3, 4) (total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH): 7.5-78 mg kg⁻¹), an oil production well (Op-1, 2, 3, 4, 5) (TPH: 149-1110 mg kg⁻¹), and an oil spill accident well (Os-1, 2, 3, 4) (TPH: 4500-34 600 mg kg⁻¹). The growth rate constant (μ) of glucose stimulated organisms, determined by microcalorimetry, was higher in Iw soil samples than in Op and Os samples. Total cultivable bacteria and fungi and urease activity also decreased with increasing concentration of TPH. Total heat produced demonstrated that TPH at concentrations less than about 1 g kg⁻¹ soil stimulated anaerobic respiration. A positive correlation between TPH and soil organic matter (OM) and stimulation of fungi-bacteria-urease at low TPH doses suggested that TPH is bound to soil OM and slowly metabolized in Iw soils during OM consumption. These methods can be used to evaluate the potential of polluted soils to carry out self-bioremediation by metabolizing TPH.     

模式采样法采集尾气中BaP的研究

用模式了取样法集汽车柴油发动机尾气中多环茎烃,并重点对ＢａＰ采样方法进行研究,结果表明,该法采样时间仅１－２ｓ,采样体积为３３０ｍｌ（ｓ．次）,回收率７７．６％,９次重复的变异系数为２９．６％,测得ＢａＰ的数据与国际ＩＳＯ规定的ＣＶＳ定容取样法可比。     

广西大石围天坑群地下河水中多环芳烃的污染特征

为了确定典型喀斯特区广西大石围天坑群地下河多环芳烃的组成、来源及污染特征,沿途采集了8个断面的表层水样品,利用GC-MS仪测试了16种优控多环芳烃（PAHs）.结果表明, 地下河水中PAHs(总量PAHs)浓度为54.7～192.0 ng/L,平均值为102.3 ng/L, PAHs组成以2～3环为主,占65.1%. 地下河沿程水中的PAHs浓度变化表明,上游高于下游,是因为城镇污水的排放,同时地下河对4～6环PAHs具有吸附作用;大石围天坑断面的PAHs浓度显著增高93.8%,是由于地下河系统中环境介质的释放和大气传输;大石围支流汇合处的PAHs浓度被稀释降低了47.3%;百朗出口断面的PAHs浓度分别高于进口和大石围断面128.3%和17.8%. PAHs来源分析表明,城镇和大石围天坑区域显示以石油类及其燃烧源为主.然而,城镇的石油类源主要是人为输入,大石围天坑的则主要是天然输入;其余乡村地区显示以草木、煤燃烧源为主.与其他地区比较,大石围天坑群地下河水中PAHs污染处于较低的水平,但苯并［a］芘浓度6个断面超过国家地表水环境质量标准.     

原位生物修复提高多环芳烃污染土壤农用安全性

为了减少多环芳烃(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,PAHs)在作物体内的富集,降低食源性PAHs对人类的潜在风险,提高PAHs污染土壤的农用安全性,在受到PAHs污染的麦田中施用类球红细菌(Rhodobacter sphaeroide)菌剂(RS)进行原位修复.以叶面喷施(B)和根部喷施(D)50倍稀释的RS两种方式处理,以喷施等量清水的处理为对照(A),不做任何处理的麦田为空白(CK),从小麦苗期开始处理,到小麦成熟期测定了土壤和小麦籽粒中PAHs含量以及根际土壤微生物群落结构的变化,探讨了施用RS对PAHs污染土壤的强化修复作用.结果表明,施加RS的B区、D区与空白(CK)区相比,标识土壤微生物的磷脂脂肪酸(PLFAs)种类均有29.6%变异率;土壤PAHs的去除率分别提高了1.59倍和1.68倍;富集因子分别降低了58.9%和62.2%;50穗小麦籽粒的干重分别提高了8.95%和12.5%.RS的施用改变了土壤微生物群落结构,活化了土壤微生物的代谢活性,从而加快了土壤PAHs的降解;同时,RS的施用也降低了PAHs在小麦籽粒的富集量,提高了小麦的产量,显示出RS在提高PAHs污染土壤的农用安全性方面具有应用潜力.