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541.
天然土壤中菲的解吸行为特征研究 总被引:11,自引:1,他引:10
选取天然土壤样品,以菲作为代表性污染物,利用批量吸附-解吸实验考察不同初始浓度、不同吸附时间条件下菲解吸行为的滞后性特征.实验数据采用Freundlich方程式拟合,并由基于热力学的TII指数表征.结果表明,天然土壤吸持菲的比例随其初始浓度的增加而减少.在土壤多次解吸过程中,每次释放菲的比例随其初始浓度的升高而增加,随解吸次数的增加而减少.吸附过程的拟合指数n大于解吸过程的对应值,并随初始固相浓度的加大而增加.天然土壤吸附-解吸过程的滞后性特征表现为初始固相浓度越高,TII值越接近0,滞后性越弱;反之,则TII值越接近1,滞后性越强.另外,吸附平衡时间30 d对应的n值小于5 d的,而两者的TII值随初始浓度增高则呈现降低趋势.就同一浓度而言,吸附平衡30 d所对应的TII值高于5 d的. 相似文献
542.
在常温常压下利用零价铁(Fe0)还原土壤中的2-氯硝基苯(o-CNB),研究反应条件对还原率的影响以及反应产物在不同反应阶段的变化.GC-MS检测结果显示,o-CNB在还原过程中先生成2-氯亚硝基苯,最终生成2-氯苯胺.反应时间、Fe0用量、温度和土壤初始pH值等均会对o-CNB的还原率产生影响,其中土壤初始pH值控制在偏酸性、土壤温度较高时能显著提高其还原率.当o-CNB的初始浓度约为2.5×10-6 mol/g,Fe0加入量是25 mg/g时,经过4 h反应,o-CNB的还原率可达99%以上.此外,还初步探讨了Fe0还原o-CNB的反应机理. 相似文献
543.
有机酸解吸土壤及矿物表面Cd的动力学特征 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
利用流动搅动法研究几种有机酸对土壤和矿物表面Cd的解吸动力学特征.结果表明,有机酸对Cd的解吸可能有质子的交换和溶解作用,以及有机配体与胶体表面对Cd的竞争作用.在40-50min内,红壤和针铁矿表面Cd的解吸达到稳态,而砖红壤和高岭土上并未达到稳态.柠檬酸、苹果酸、酒石酸和草酸对Cd的解吸率在红壤土上分别为86%,96%,93%和61%;在砖红壤上分别为86%,80%,69%和64%;在针铁矿上分别为94%,93%,86%和87%;在高岭土上分别为34%,41%,35%和42%.用双指数方程和一级动力学方程能更好地拟合Cd的解吸过程.不同有机酸解吸Cd的快反应速率常数为酒石酸、柠檬酸〉苹果酸〉草酸,慢反应速率常数为苹果酸〉柠檬酸、酒石酸〉草酸.除质子溶解作用外,有机配体与胶体表面对Cd的竞争力不同也是导致Cd解吸速率和解吸量差异的原因之一. 相似文献
544.
545.
通过对7个典型滨海湿地土壤(0~20cm)中总汞含量及土壤理化性质、气候以及社会经济因素的测定收集,研究了滨海湿地土壤中汞的空间分布规律和影响因子之间的关系,并对不同介质环境内汞含量进行分析.结果表明:我国滨海湿地土壤总汞的含量范围是1.26~169.94ng/g,平均值为(33.82±3.09) ng/g;滨海湿地土壤汞含量差异是由土壤理化性质、社会经济以及气候因素共同影响的结果,其中土壤理化性质中pH值、有机质、总铁、总氮为关键影响因素;在汞的输入途径中,河流输送对中国滨海湿地土壤总汞含量的影响要高于大气输送. 相似文献
546.
PAHs are formed during the incomplete combustion of organic substances containing carbon and hydrogen and are one of the first
atmospheric pollutants identified as carcinogens. Most of the PAH environmental burden is found in the soil (95%). Soil samples
collected from different roadsides were analyzed for seven polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The quantitative and qualitative
analysis was carried out by UV Spectrophotometer. The individual PAH value ranged from 0.1 to 18.0 mg/kg. Phenenthrene and
Pyrene were found to be the most abundant compounds. Vehicle emissions are the principal source of PAH in the Roadside soils.
The highest concentration was found at site S2 (Hasthtnagri Roadside) which shows the highest traffic density. 相似文献
547.
湖南省农田土壤中HCH和DDT残留状况研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
2009年6月采集了湖南省农田土壤中的160个样品,采用ASE萃取技术,用GC-MS方法测定了样品中的六六六(HCH)、滴滴涕(DDT)。结果表明:HCH和DDT的检出率为100%,说明湖南省农田土壤中有机氯农药残留现象普遍存在。HCH和DDT的平均含量分别为8.03和36.26μg/kg,范围分别在0.20~17.89μg/kg和5.05~45.96μg/kg。与国内不同区域的同类研究相比,湖南省农田土壤的有机氯残留水平处于中等水平。在不同类型土壤中,有机氯残留状况有所差异,HCH在水稻土中残留量最高,而DDT在棉花田最高。 相似文献
548.
V. N. Pozolotina P. I. Sobakin I. V. Molchanova E. N. Karavaeva L. N. Mikhailovskaya 《Russian Journal of Ecology》2000,31(1):14-19
A complex radioecological study of technogenic landscapes of southern Yakutia showed that the main factor responsible for
their contamination with uranium and radium is radionuclide dispersal by air with products of rock weathering. Coefficients
of biological absorption by plants decrease with an increase in the contamination level, which is explained by the fact that
strongly fixed forms of uranium and radium prevail in the contaminated areas. In addition, the root barrier plays an important
role. Radiation load is mainly determined by background gamma-radiation. The contribution of internal irradiation accounted
for by incorporated radionuclides does not exceed 16% and decreases with an increase in the level of soil contamination. Manchurian
alder seeds produced under conditions of enhanced background radiation are more viable than those from the control area. It
is shown that seed generations of plants growing under conditions of chronic irradiation are highly resistant to the radiation
factor. 相似文献
549.
Fabrício Garcia Giori Valdemar Luiz Tornisielo Carlos Eduardo Pellegrino Cerri Jussara Borges Regitano 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(5):352-360
This research evaluated the effects of the new sugarcane harvesting system (without straw burning) and soil attributes on the organic carbon (OC) accumulation and sorption of alachlor (2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)-N-(methoxymethyl)acetamide) and diuron (3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea) in highly weathered Brazilian soils. Alachlor was more likely to leach (K d,app = 1.0–7.0 L kg?1 and mean K oc,app = 174 L kg?1) than diuron (K d,app = 6.2–116.3 L kg?1 and mean K oc,app = 1789 L kg?1). The sorption coefficient (K d,app) values correlated better with soil OC contents, but the Fe-oxides also played an important role in these highly weathered soils. Sorption was enhanced in the areas without straw burning mostly due to OC accumulation that was higher in the clayey soils, but it was not enough to change their mobility classification. 相似文献
550.
Kaushik Banerjee Soma Dasgupta Dasharath P. Oulkar Sangram H. Patil Pandurang G. Adsule 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(4):341-349
The rate of degradation of forchlorfenuron, a cytokinin-based plant growth regulator (PGR) was explored in typical grapevine soils of India with simultaneous evaluation of its effect on biochemical attributes of the test soils in terms of the activities of specific soil microbial enzymes. In all the test soils, namely clay, sandy-loam and silty-clay, the dissipation rate was faster at the beginning, which slowed down with time, indicating a non-linear pattern of degradation. Degradation in soils could best be explained by two-compartment 1st + 1st order kinetics with half-life ranging between 4–10 days. The results suggest that organic matter might be playing a major role in influencing the rate of degradation of forchlorfenuron in soil. The rate of degradation in sandy-loam soil was fastest followed by clay and silty-clay soils, respectively. Comparison of the rate of degradation in natural against sterilized soils suggests that microbial degradation might be the major pathway of residue dissipation. Changes in soil enzyme activities as a consequence of forchlorfenuron treatment were studied for extra-cellular enzymes namely acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and β -glucosidase and intracellular enzyme-dehydrogenase. Although small changes in enzyme activities were observed, forchlorfenuron did not have any significant deleterious effect on the enzymatic activity of the test soils. Simple correlation studies between degradation percentage and individual enzyme activities did not establish any significant relationships. The pattern and change of enzyme activity was primarily the effect of the incubation period rather than the effect of forchlorfenuron itself. 相似文献