锑矿区土壤中锑的形态及生物有效性

通过室内模拟对锑矿区土壤中锑的分布、存在形态及生物有效性进行了研究 .结果表明 :在锑矿区土壤中含有高浓度锑污染 ,其存在状态主要以残渣态为主 ,其次是Fe/Mn结合态、有机 /硫化物结合态和碳酸盐结合态 ,可交换态和水溶态占的比率最小 .不同溶剂对锑的提取率不同 ,NH4NO3对锑的提取率最高 ,其次是EDTA ,HAc和H2 O ,NH4OAc对锑的提取率最小 .土壤中锑主要以五价锑的形态存在 ,几乎占总锑量的 90 %以上 .土壤中生物可利用态锑的浓度比较高 ,一般在 2 5— 1 3 2mg·kg- 1 ,中等可利用态占土壤总锑的1 6 2— 8 2 6 % ,生物不可利用态锑的浓度占 88 2— 97 91 % .     

珠江三角洲工业区土壤(沉积物)重金属污染特征及防治对策--以石龙和容桂工业区为例

对珠三角两个代表性乡镇工业区的土壤（沉积物）重金属污染现状和来源进行了评价。结果表明,两工业区在主要污染元素类型和综合污染程度上很相似,表层土壤（沉积物）均以Hg、As、Cu的污染为主,且均以Hg的污染最严重;但在某些次要污染元素种类以及某些主要、次要污染元素的单个元素污染程度上存在一些差异。柱样沉积物中重金属的变化特征进一步说明,两工业区土壤（沉积物）中重金属的累积与我国尤其是本地区的工农业发展阶段和发展水平密切相关。文章最后提出了乡镇工业区土壤（沉积物）重金属污染的几点建设性防治对策。     

氮沉降影响下酸性森林土壤中水溶性有机氮的分布特征

选取贵州雷公山（LGS）和重庆铁山坪（TSP）两个氮沉降量具有明显差异的森林小流域,对土壤中水溶性有机氮（WSON）的分布特征进行了对比研究.在氮沉降较低的LGS流域土壤水中WSON占总氮的比例可达30%—60%,显著高于氮沉降高的TSP流域.TSP流域土壤浸提液中WSON的比例相较于土壤水有显著增加,说明该流域中WS...     

不同利用方式下吴江市耕地土壤环境质量变化

土地利用方式的不同影响着土壤环境质量的变化。文章采用了2003年江苏省吴江市耕地质量监测中资料,分析了6种不同土地利用方式下的土壤养分及Pb、Cr、Hg、As、Cd等5种重金属元素全量的变化,并采用土壤质量综合指数(SQI)法计算不同利用下的土壤环境质量指数。结果表明:近20多年来,吴江市土地利用方式发生了明显的变化,这种变化对本土壤养分和重金属含量产生了十分明显的影响。在稻田、林地、桑园、菜地、果园、旱地六种吴江常见的土地利用方式中,稻田土壤环境质量综合指数显著高于其他利用下,而其他五种利用方式下土壤质量的差别不明显。可见稻田不仅是一种太湖地区传统的利用方式,更是保持环境质量相对最佳的土地利用方式。     

广州周边菜地中多环芳烃的污染现状

以GC/MSD内标法分析了广州五个地区菜地中 1 6种多环芳烃 (PAHs)的分布 ,结果表明 ,菜地土壤中∑PAHs最大为 30 77μg·kg- 1 ,最小为 42 μg·kg- 1 ,绝大部分土壤样品中的∑PAHs含量在 2 0 0 μg·kg- 1 以上 ,属中度污染 .     

The variability of polychlorinated biphenyls levels in urban soils from five European cities

The concentration of PCBs in topsoils from five European cities was assessed and the highest levels were found in Glasgow (Scotland), followed by Torino (Italy), Aveiro (Portugal), Ljubljana (Slovenia) and Uppsala (Sweden). All cities showed the presence of local sources in addition to diffuse contamination from global atmospheric transport. The association of general soil parameters with PCBs in Glasgow and with heavier congeners in Torino and Ljubljana indicates that retention of these compounds is occurring. The profiles obtained resemble Aroclor 1254 and 1260, which are important local sources. Nevertheless, differences in PCB profiles were observed among cities, due to the combined effects of the age of the contamination (which determines the time available for volatilisation and degradation), different sources of PCBs and differences in climate (which influence volatilisation and deposition).     

Metals in particle-size fractions of the soils of five European cities

Soils from Aveiro, Glasgow, Ljubljana, Sevilla and Torino have been investigated in view of their potential for translocation of potentially toxic elements (PTE) to the atmosphere. Soils were partitioned into five size fractions and Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn were measured in the fractions and the whole soil. All PTE concentrated in the <10 microm fraction. Cr and Ni concentrated also in the coarse fraction, indicating a lithogenic contribution. An accumulation factor (AF) was calculated for the <2 and <10 microm fraction. The AF values indicate that the accumulation in the finer fractions is higher where the overall contamination is lower. AF for Cr and Ni are particularly low in Glasgow and Torino. An inverse relationship was found between the AF of some metals and the percentage of <10 microm particles that could be of use in risk assessment or remediation practices.     

Heavy metal sequential extraction methods--a modification for tropical soils

Sequential extractions of metals can be useful to study metal distributions in various soil fractions. Although several sequential extraction procedures have been suggested in the literature, most were developed for temperate soils and may not be suitable for tropical soils with high contents of Mn and Fe oxides. The objective of this study was to develop a sequential fractionation procedure for Cu and Zn in tropical soils. Extractions were performed on surface (0–20 cm) samples of ten representative soils of Sao Paulo State, Brazil. Chemically reactive Mn forms were satisfactorily assessed by the new modified procedure. Amorphous and crystalline Fe oxides were more selectively extracted in a new two-step extraction. Soil-born Zn and Cu were primarily associated with recalcitrant soil fractions. The proposed procedure provided more detailed information on metal distribution in tropical soils and better characterization of the various components of the soil matrix. The new procedure is expected to be an important tool for predicting the potential effects of environmental changes and land application of metals on the redistribution of chemical forms of metals in tropical soils.     

新质生产力的科学内涵与绿色发展

发展新质生产力是新时期推动高质量发展和美丽中国建设的内在要求和重要着力点。本文从新质生产力的科学内涵出发,探究了新质生产力与绿色生产力之间的理论逻辑。新质生产力是一种更先进的生产力质态,体现为劳动者素质提高、劳动资料改进、劳动对象拓展、科学技术进步和管理效能提升,即经济学视角中人造资本、人力资本、生态资源等不同生产要素的配置优化,核心内涵在于人力资本累积和全要素生产率对经济产出的贡献。新质生产力和绿色生产力都以人与自然和谐共生的生产力观为根基,“新质生产力本身就是绿色生产力”,既指明了“绿色”是新质生产力的必要条件,同时又强调了新质生产力应当促进绿色发展。新质生产力有助于促进经济绿色化和绿色经济化的进一步转变,是绿色发展的驱动力。同时,绿色新质生产力驱动绿色产业与生态产品第四产业蓬勃发展,应成为新的经济增长点。     

南方典型水稻土镉(Cd)累积规律模拟

模拟分析稻田系统镉(Cd)迁移途径和土壤Cd累积趋势有助于风险决策的科学性和合理性.本文以湖南省攸县为研究区,在多环境介质采样的基础上,构建土壤重金属污染物累积(PAM)模型,预测区域稻田土壤Cd 累积趋势,结合Monte Carlo随机模拟方法评估不同修复措施的有效性和可持续性.结果表明在当前Cd输入模式下连续耕作5...