In vitro effect of profenofos,fenvalerate and dimilin on protein and RNA biosynthesis by rabbit liver and muscle tissues

Abstract

The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of Curacron (profenofos), Sumicidin (fenvalerate) and Dimilin (di‐fluobenzuron) on the in vitro rate of protein and RNA synthesis by rabbit liver and muscle tissues. The synthesis of protein and RNA were significantly stimulated in the liver and inhibited in the muscle by graded doses of these insecticides. Profenofos showed maximum effect on protein synthesis in both tissues at a dose of 0.2 μg/mL, while the maximum effect on RNA synthesis occurred at 0.2 μg/mL in the liver and at 2 μg/mL in the muscle. Fenvalerate caused maximum stimulation in both liver protein and RNA synthesis at a dose of 2 μg/mL, and maximum inhibition in the muscle at 10 and 0.2 μg/mL for protein and RNA synthesis respectively. The maximum effect of Dimilin on both tissues was reached at 5 μg/mL for protein synthesis and at 0.2 μg/mL for RNA synthesis. The effect of Dimilin on RNA synthesis was more pronounced in both tissues than its effect on protein synthesis, but this trend was reversed in the case of profenofos and fenvalerate. Present data also showed antagonism between these insecticides on the rate of protein and RNA synthesis.     

A numerical model for transient-hysteretic flow and solute transport in unsaturated porous media

A two-dimensional flow and transport model was developed for simulating transient water flow and nonreactive solute transport in heterogeneous, unsaturated porous media containing air and water. The model is composed of a unique combination of robust and accurate numerical algorithms for solving the Richards', Darcy flux, and advection-dispersion equations. The mixed form of Richards' equation is solved using a finite-element formulation and a modified Picard iteration scheme. Mass lumping is employed to improve solution convergence and stability behavior. The flow algorithm accounts for hysteresis in the pressure head-water content relationship. Darcy fluxes are approximated with a Galerkin and Petrov-Galerkin finite-element method developed for random heterogeneous porous media. The transport equation is solved using an Eulerian-Lagrangian method. A multi-step, fourth-order Runge-Kutta, reverse particle tracking technique and a quadratic-linear interpolation scheme are shown to be superior for determining the advective concentration. A Galerkin finite-element method is used for approximating the dispersive flux. The unsaturated flow and transport model was applied to a variety of rigorous problems and was found to produce accurate, mass-conserving solutions when compared to analytical solutions and published numerical results.     

高等植物线粒体基因组研究新进展

与其它真核生物相比，高等植物线粒体基因组不仅在大小，组织结构．基因组成和表达，RNA编辑等方面具有突出特点，而且线粒体基因组与核基因组之间存在着广泛的信息交流线粒体基因组作为一个半自主性的遗传系统，其组织结构的雏持和生理功能的发挥受到核基因组的调控作用，本文就这些方面的研究进展作了简要评述．     

Voltammetric study on the interaction of the heavy metals Cd(II) and Mn(II) with transfer‐RNA,DNA and other polynucleotides

Small amounts of bivalent cations, usually provided by Mg²⁺, are in the living cell necessary for the biological activity of t‐RNA as these bivalent cations influence the tertiary and secondary structure of this globular polynucleotide.

In context with the discussed possibility of carcinogenic actions of ingested Cd it is of particular interest to check whether there exist specific strong interactions of this toxic heavy metal with nucleic acids.

Therefore, the binding of the toxic heavy metal ion Cd²⁺ and the essential heavy metal ion Mn²⁺ to t‐RNA and for comparison to DNA and the polynucleotides poly‐U, poly‐A and poly‐A‐poly‐U has been studied. Free metal ion concentrations have been determined by differential pulse polararography. Association constants and the number of binding sites have been evaluated by the Scatchard method and alternatively according to a simple electrostatic model of the polyelectrolytes. With the Scatchard method for t‐RNA and all polynucleotides with helical structure two different binding sites of different strength are observed. Those with higher association constants are assigned to the helical parts of t‐RNA. Interaction sites with low association constants correspond to the parts with no ordered tertiary structure, as their exclusive occurrence for poly‐U, having a completely stochastic coil structure, reflects. The values of the association constants for the stronger and weaker association sites are in the respective polynucleotides for both investigated bivalent metal ions of comparable magnitude. This emphasizes that the interaction is essentially of electrostatic nature and depends primarily on the charge of the interacting species.

Thus the specific strong interaction of Cd by the intercalation into the tertiary structure of nucleic acids or by chelation of their base units can be ruled out as one possibility for carcinogenity of Cd.

Moreover, under physiological conditions the high excess of competitive Mg²⁺ will suppress the interaction of Cd based on electrostatic forces.     

厌氧处理核糖核酸废水的研究

根据核糖核酸废水水质的特性,采用高负荷UASB厌氧处理工艺,证明了核糖核酸废水采用厌氧处理的可能性。实验过程分析了UASB有机负荷对CODcr去除率的影响及进出水pH的变化情况,研究表明,在中温（35℃～38℃）的条件下,UASB有机负荷3.0 kg/（m^3·d）时,CODcr去除率可达到85%左右,出水平均pH值在7.0左右。因此该工艺有推广应用的可能性。     

海洋沉积物中细菌DNA和RNA水平群落差异

海洋沉积物中的微生物在生物地球化学循环中具有重要作用.目前,细菌群落的研究多基于16S rRNA基因(DNA)展开,但DNA不仅包括活性微生物DNA也包括非活性微生物DNA,而RNA水平则可表征环境中具有活性的微生物种群.本研究采用荧光定量PCR和Illumina高通量测序技术,在DNA和RNA水平上研究了渤海和南黄海表层沉积物中细菌群落结构.结果表明,细菌DNA基因丰度比RNA基因丰度高1～2个数量级,DNA水平群落多样性高于RNA水平,二者群落结构差异显著.沉积物中的细菌具有活跃的化能异养、硫酸盐还原和硝化作用.基于16S rRNA基因的测序在探索微生物群落功能时可能会误判重要的功能微生物,总细菌群落中的"稀有生物圈"可能包含转录活跃者,发挥着重要的生物地球化学作用.总体而言,在分析来自稳定沉积环境的细菌群落结构时,基于16S rRNA的研究更能反映真实的生态状况.     

PCR-DGGE技术解析生物制氢反应器微生物多样性

为了揭示发酵法生物制氢反应器厌氧活性污泥的微生物种群多样性 ,从运行不同时期取厌氧活性污泥 ,通过细胞裂解直接提取活性污泥的基因组DNA .以细菌 16SrRNA基因通用引物F338GC/R5 34进行V3高变异区域PCR扩增 ,长约 200bp的PCR产物经变性梯度凝胶电泳 (DGGE)分离后 ,获得微生物群落的特征DNA指纹图谱 .研究表明 ,不同时期的厌氧活性污泥中存在共同种属和各自的特异种属 ,群落结构和优势种群数量具有时序动态性 ,微生物多样性呈现出协同变化的特征 .微生物多样性由强化到减弱 ,群落结构之间的相似性逐渐升高 ,演替速度由快速到缓慢 .优势种群经历了动态演替过程 ,最终形成特定种群构成的顶级群落 .