超高强度钢无氰镀镉-钛层在循环湿热试验条件下的腐蚀变化规律研究

目的研究超高强度钢表面无氰镀镉-钛层在循环湿热条件下的腐蚀变化规律。方法对超高强度钢表面无氰镀镉-钛层试样进行循环湿热试验,对各个加速时间段的试样进行宏观照片及微观照片的拍摄,并运用电化学测试分析的方法研究试样在加速试验各时间段的腐蚀变化规律。结果超高强度钢表面无氰镀镉-钛层经历384 h的循环湿热试验后,镀层首先开始出现腐蚀现象。试样的腐蚀失质量损失随试验时间的延长逐渐增加,且呈现出在试验初期(≤384 h)的增量相对较小,试验中后期(384 h)的增量相对较大的特征,腐蚀动力学方程和曲线的特征也表明,试样在循环湿热试验后期的腐蚀速率相对较大。经历1536 h循环湿热试验的试样在0.01 Hz处的阻抗模值下降为10~2?。结论循环湿热条件下,在加速试验初期,超高强度钢表面无氰镀镉-钛层试样表面镀层开始发生腐蚀,中期腐蚀现象减缓,后期腐蚀现象明显。质量损失数据与试验时间关系的幂函数拟合方程为D(t)=0.013t~(1.2095),相关指数R~2=0.9879。     

The Importance of Leaching from Litter Collected in Litterfall Traps

Litterfall (LF) is usually collected by means of opentraps. However, this litter will be subject toleaching by the throughfall which passes through theaccumulated litter in the traps. The nutrients lostduring this leaching are not taken into account in thecalculation of LF nutrient fluxes. We report theresults from a 2-month (August–September) studycarried out in 8 northern coniferous forest stands toassess the possible importance of leaching from litterin LF traps. Compared to throughfall (TF), thelitterfall leachate (LFL_gross), which includes athroughfall component, had significantly (p < 0.05)higher concentrations and fluxes of Ca, Mg, Na and S.The average net LFL (i.e., LFL_net = LFL_gross-TF) fluxes were 21 (Ca), 7 (Mg), 57 (K), 10 (Na), 10 (N), and 19 (S) mg m^-2 mo^-1. LFL_net accounted for 42%, 37% and 50% of the LFL_gross flux, and for 91%, 51% and 49% of the total litterfall flux (i.e.,LF + LFL_net) of Na, S and K, respectively. ForCa, Mg and N, the LFL_net flux accounted for 64%,58% and 29% of the LFL_gross flux, and for< 14% of the total litterfall flux. Compared to TF,LF was the dominant return pathway for Ca, Mg and N tothe forest floor regardless of whether LFL_net wasincluded or not. However, for K and S, takingLFL_net into account determined whether TF or LFwas the dominant pathway. TF remained the dominantpathway for Na even when LFL_net was included.     

RESEARCH: Issues Related to Greenhouse Effect,Productivity Modeling,and Nutrient Cycling: A Case Study of Indian Wetlands

/ Models available in the literature on nutrient uptake, lightavailability, and chlorophyll growth have been suitably modified andintegrated through the computer program CHLORF (written in "C"language), which has the advantage of being amenable to simulation undervarious combinations of input variables. The model has been used forsensitivity analysis in order to identify the most sensitive set ofparameters whose control can form an appropriate basis for evolving pragmaticmanagement strategies. In addition, greenhouse mitigation potential has beencomputed in terms of assimilation of carbon dioxide for a case study ofIndian wetlands.KEY WORDS: Wetland; Nutrient cycling; Modeling; Greenhouse effect     

生活垃圾处理与资源化利用分析

垃圾产生量与人口和GDP有直接的关系，针对目前城市生活垃圾的现状和特点，分析了垃圾产生量与人口增长的规律。简要介绍了几种主要的垃圾处理方法，分析探讨了城市生活垃圾处理处置技术和发展趋势。     

Nutrient cycling characteristics of Quercus acutissima and Pinus massoniana mixed forest in the Three-Gorge Reservoir area, China

The cycling characteristics of nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P) and potassium(K) of the Quercus acutissima and Pinus massoniana mixed forest, which is the most common forest type in the Three Gorge Reservoir areas in China, were systematically analyzed. The results showed that N, P and K accumulated in the plant pool and in the litter pool, while total N, P, and K were deficient in the soil pool and in the forest systems. Contents of N in the soil of depth 20-40 cm were the key factor limiting growth of trees. The biological outside cycling coefficients were 8.78, 72.5 and 11.7 times of inside cycling coefficients of N, P and K, respectively. 33.92, 10.26 and 15.88 kg of N, P and K return to the litter pool from branches, leaves and throughfall per year, but, 14.31, 1.32 and 10.48 kg of N, P and K return to the soil from litter pool per year respectively. It is clear that 58% of N, 87% of P, and 34% of K are lost by surface runoff per year. 5.49%, 1.30%, and 8.34% of N, P and K withdraw from leaves to branches, 4.99%, 1.99% and 7.30% of N, P and K withdraw from branches to trunks per year,respectively.     

内循环三相流化床流体动力学性质的初步研究

研究了内循环三相流化床流体动力学的一些性质，认为随着进气流量的增大，氧的体积传递系数、气含率增加，混合时间与循环时间则减小。而随着载体的加入量增大，气含率、氧传递系数、循环时间和混合时间均有减小的趋势。根据实验结果确定载体投加量为6％，相应的进气量控制在0．75－1Nm^3/h之间。     

Pronounced temporal changes in soil microbial community and nitrogen transformation caused by benzalkonium chloride

As one typical cationic disinfectant, quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) were approved for surface disinfection in the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and then unintentionally or intentionally released into the surrounding environment. Concerningly, it is still unclear how the soil microbial community succession happens and the nitrogen (N) cycling processes alter when exposed to QACs. In this study, one common QAC (benzalkonium chloride (BAC) was selected as the target contaminant, and its effects on the temporal changes in soil microbial community structure and nitrogen transformation processes were determined by qPCR and 16S rRNA sequencing-based methods. The results showed that the aerobic microbial degradation of BAC in the two different soils followed first-order kinetics with a half-life (4.92 vs. 17.33 days) highly dependent on the properties of the soil. BAC activated the abundance of N fixation gene (nifH) and nitrification genes (AOA and AOB) in the soil and inhibited that of denitrification gene (narG). BAC exposure resulted in the decrease of the alpha diversity of soil microbial community and the enrichment of Crenarchaeota and Proteobacteria. This study demonstrates that BAC degradation is accompanied by changes in soil microbial community structure and N transformation capacity.     

Nutrient cycling characteristics of Quercus acutissima and Pinus massoniana mixed forest in the Three Gorge Reservoir area, China

The cycling characteristics of nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P) and potassium(K) of the Quercus acutissima and Pinus massonianamixed forest which is the most common forest type in the Three Gorge Reservoir areas in China, were systematically analyzed. The results showed that N, P and K accumulated in the plant pool and in the litter pool, while total N, P, and K were deficient in the soil pool and in the forest systems. Contents of N in the soil of depth 20—40 cm were the key factor limiting growth of trees. The biological outside cycling coefficients were 8.78, 72.5 and 11.7 times of inside cycling coefficients of N, P and K, respectively. 33.92, 10.26 and 15.88 kg of N, P and K return to the litter pool from branches, leaves and throughfall per year, but, 14.31, 1.32 and 10.48 kg of N, P and K return to the soil from litter pool per year respectively. It is clear that 58% of N, 87% of P, and 34% of K are lost by surface runoff per year. 5.49%, 1.30%, and 8.34% of N, P and K withdraw from leaves to branches, 4.99%, 1.99% and 7.30% of N, P and K withdraw from branches to trunks per year, respectively.     

桉树人工林生态系统养分循环与平衡研究Ⅳ.桉树林间种山毛豆对生态系统养分循环的作用

桉树人工林间种山毛豆，增加了凋落物量和养分归还量，改善了营养元素的生物小循环。在一个轮伐期内山毛豆归还土壤养分的数量如下：氮528.37kg／hm^2，磷28.06kg／hm^2，钾66.20kg／hm^2，钙184.96kg／hm^2，镁57.21kg／hm^2；而同期刚果W5桉归还土壤养分的数量为：氮85.98kg／hm^2，磷3.94kg／hm^2，钾11.80kg/hm^2，钙36.98kg／hm^2，镁18.30kg／hm^2。由于间种山毛豆增加了生态系统的养分收入，减少了水土流失的养分支出，系统的各种养分出现了盈余的状况。     

味精生产流程中氨的污染特征及影响因素分析

对味精生产整个流程中氨的污染特征进行了定量观测,并对密切相关的因素进行回归分析.结果表明,味精生产流程中各环节都有氨的释放,其年通量达521kg,但不同工艺过程差异较大,在发酵车间氨的释放量最高,平均达880mg·(L·.min)^-1;而在制糖车间,氨的释放量最小,仅为0.07mg·(L·min)^-1.整个味精生产流程中氨的释放通量,与铵态氮浓度之间存在极为显著的直线正相关关系,而与硝态氮(包括亚硝态氮)浓度之间呈显著的指数相关关系;氨的释放通量尽管与其pH变化之间不存在显著的直线相关关系,但味精废水处理过程中却与其溶液中的pH变化之间存在着极为显著的直线相关关系.