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231.
Understanding the mechanism of arsenic (As) mobilization from sediments to groundwater is important for water quality management
in areas of endemic arsenic poisoning, such as the Datong basin in northern China. The bulk geochemistry analysis of sediment
samples from three 50-m boreholes drilled specifically for this study at As-contaminated aquifers, the groundwaters of which
have an As concentration up to 1060 μg/l, revealed that the average bulk concentrations of major and trace elements of the
samples are similar to those of the average upper continental crust. The average As content of the sediment samples (18.7 mg/kg)
is higher than that of modern unconsolidated sediments (5–10 mg/kg). Moreover, the abundance of elements varied with grain
size, with higher concentrations in finer fractions of the sediments, such as silt and clay. The concentration of NH2OH–HCl-extracted iron (Fe) strongly correlated with that of extracted As, suggesting that Fe oxyhydroxides may be the major
sink of As in the aquifer. The results of microcosm experiments showed that As mobilization from sediments to groundwater
is probably mainly related to changes in the redox conditions, with moderately reducing conditions being favorable for As
release from sediments into groundwater. 相似文献
232.
扎龙湿地水量平衡分析 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
对扎龙湿地1956-2000年的水循环要素特征进行分析,并计算了扎龙湿地在自然条件下的水量平衡关系。结果表明,扎龙湿地在研究时段内蓄水量总体呈下降趋势,蓄水量平均每年减少16.8×106m3。大气降水是扎龙湿地的主要水源,占总来水量的61.5%,其次是上游乌裕尔河和双阳河的河川径流量,占36.5%,区间径流很小,只占2.0%;扎龙湿地的主要耗水项是蒸散(发),占总耗水的74.4%,其次是渗漏,占14.5%,下游出流只占11.1%。 相似文献
233.
Basic principles and ecological consequences of changing water regimes on nitrogen cycling in fluvial systems 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
Understanding the environmental consequences of changing water regimes is a daunting challenge for both resource managers
and ecologists. Balancing human demands for fresh water with the needs of the environment for water in appropriate amounts
and at the appropriate times are shaping the ways by which this natural resource will be used in the future. Based on past
decisions that have rendered many freshwater resources unsuitable for use, we argue that river systems have a fundamental
need for appropriate amounts and timing of water to maintain their biophysical integrity. Biophysical integrity is fundamental
for the formulation of future sustainable management strategies. This article addresses three basic ecological principles
driving the biogeochemical cycle of nitrogen in river systems. These are (1) how the mode of nitrogen delivery affects river
ecosystem functioning, (2) how increasing contact between water and soil or sediment increases nitrogen retention and processing,
and (3) the role of floods and droughts as important natural events that strongly influence pathways of nitrogen cycling in
fluvial systems. New challenges related to the cumulative impact of water regime change, the scale of appraisal of these impacts,
and the determination of the impacts due to natural and human changes are discussed. It is suggested that cost of long-term
and long-distance cumulative impacts of hydrological changes should be evaluated against short-term economic benefits to determine
the real environmental costs. 相似文献
234.
van Breukelen BM Röling WF Groen J Griffioen J van Verseveld HW 《Journal of contaminant hydrology》2003,65(3-4):245-268
The biogeochemical processes were identified which improved the leachate composition in the flow direction of a landfill leachate plume (Banisveld, The Netherlands). Groundwater observation wells were placed at specific locations after delineating the leachate plume using geophysical tests to map subsurface conductivity. Redox processes were determined using the distribution of solid and soluble redox species, hydrogen concentrations, concentration of dissolved gases (N(2), Ar, and CH(4)), and stable isotopes (delta15N-NO(3), delta34S-SO(4), delta13C-CH(4), delta2H-CH(4), and delta13C of dissolved organic and inorganic carbon (DOC and DIC, respectively)). The combined application of these techniques improved the redox interpretation considerably. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) decreased downstream in association with increasing delta13C-DOC values confirming the occurrence of degradation. Degradation of DOC was coupled to iron reduction inside the plume, while denitrification could be an important redox process at the top fringe of the plume. Stable carbon and hydrogen isotope signatures of methane indicated that methane was formed inside the landfill and not in the plume. Total gas pressure exceeded hydrostatic pressure in the plume, and methane seems subject to degassing. Quantitative proof for DOC degradation under iron-reducing conditions could only be obtained if the geochemical processes cation exchange and precipitation of carbonate minerals (siderite and calcite) were considered and incorporated in an inverse geochemical model of the plume. Simulation of delta13C-DIC confirmed that precipitation of carbonate minerals happened. 相似文献
235.
236.
237.
中国关于砷的研究进展 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
综述了近年来有关中国的砷污染状况、相关的分析监测技术及砷化合物毒性的研究进展.在中国部分地区,长期砷暴露导致了严重的区域性的砷中毒,主要的暴露途径是饮用水、食物和煤炭的燃烧.样品前处理、砷的富集和形态分析技术的丰富和发展,为环境科学、毒理学和流行病学的研究提供了可靠的技术支持.生物检测是一种直接有效的污染物健康风险评估... 相似文献
238.
Ji Li Chenlu Shi Wenbin Zeng Yaru Wang Zebin Hong Yibing Ma Liping Fang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2022,34(3):260-268
Electron shuttles such cysteine play an important role in Fe cycle and its availability in soils,while the roles of pH and organic ligands in this process are poorly understood.Herein,the reductive dissolution process of goethite by cysteine were explored in the presence of organic ligands.Our results showed that cysteine exhibited a strong reactivity towards goethite-a typical iron minerals in paddy soils with a rate constant ranging from 0.01 to0.1 hr-1.However,a large portion of Fe(Ⅱ) appeare... 相似文献
239.
240.
Sediment cores(containing sediment and overlying water) from Baihua Reservoir(SW China)were cultured under different redox conditions with different microbial activities, to understand the effects of sulfate-reducing bacteria(SRB) on mercury(Hg) methylation at sediment–water interfaces. Concentrations of dissolved methyl mercury(DMe Hg) in the overlying water of the control cores with bioactivity maintained(BAC) and cores with only sulfate-reducing bacteria inhibited(SRBI) and bacteria fully inhibited(BACI) were measured at the anaerobic stage followed by the aerobic stage. For the BAC and SRBI cores, DMe Hg concentrations in waters were much higher at the anaerobic stage than those at the aerobic stage, and they were negatively correlated to the dissolved oxygen concentrations(r =- 0.5311 and r =- 0.4977 for BAC and SRBI, respectively). The water DMe Hg concentrations of the SRBI cores were 50% lower than those of the BAC cores, indicating that the SRB is of great importance in Hg methylation in sediment–water systems, but there should be other microbes such as iron-reducing bacteria and those containing specific gene cluster(hgc AB), besides SRB,causing Hg methylation in the sediment–water system. 相似文献