Hydrocarbon and elemental carbon signatures in a tropical wetland: biogeochemical evidence of forest fire and vegetation changes

Evidence of changing vegetation in the tropical wetland (Rawa Danau, west Java, Indonesia) over the past 7428 years is illustrated by elemental (soot) carbon (EC) and n-alkane composition of sedimentary geolipids. In this study, vegetation changes and relevant controlling factors (e.g. forest fire and climate change) were documented on a decadal to centennial scale. The n-alkane composition that changes with depth might record changes in sources of organic matter (OM) in the wetland. The presence of EC (0.01–0.24% of organic carbon: OC) during late (0–1700 cal. year BP) and mid (3500–4500 cal. year BP) Holocene (at depths 0–50 cm, and 160–210 cm) indicated that large-scale forest fires severely affected the tropical vegetation. The hydrocarbon indices (CPI: carbon preference index, MCN: mean carbon number, and HVI: hydrocarbon vegetation index) significantly correlated with one another while a comparison of EC profile with the profiles of hydrocarbon indices indicated that n-alkane composition of the geolipid in lake sediment could record signatures of changes in catchment vegetation. Forest fire and vegetation changes might be related to regional climatic shifts relating to ENSO activity as well as being influenced by human influences.     

Effects of Fe2O3, organic matter and carbonate on photocatalytic degradation of lindane in the sediment from the Liao River,China

Fourteen sediment samples with different content of Fe₂O₃ were collected from the lower reaches of the Liao River in China. The photodegradation of lindane on the surfaces of these sediments was investigated to observe the effects of Fe₂O₃ and other photoinducable substances, such as TiO₂ and organic substances, on photodegradation of lindane. A partial least-squares (PLS) analysis model was developed to find out the statistical relationship between the photodegradation and the contents of these photoinducable substances. It was concluded from the PLS analysis that inorganic carbon and organic carbon have negative effects, whereas Fe₂O₃ and TiO₂ accelerate the photodegradation of lindane in the sediment samples when 365 nm UV light was used as light source. In all cases of the experiments, the photodegradation of lindane in the sediment samples were fitted for pseudo-first-order kinetics.     

长湖水质现状调查及评价

通过对长湖13个点位的采样监测结果表明：（1）长湖的各项主要指标均已超标,特别是化学需氧量（CODcr）、高锰酸盐指数（OC）、总氮（TN）、总磷（TP）等超标严重;（2）从总体上看,长湖水体监测点位的水质是,上游污染情况较重,下游的出水口及大湖湖心水质稍好;（3）采用单项水质参数评价方法对长湖水质进行评价,水体已达到劣Ⅴ类.     

骆马湖富营养化和生态状况调查与评价

为了了解骆马湖水质状况，在2005年对骆马湖富营养化状态和生态特性进行了调查，并结合“十五”期间的监测资料进行了分析。2005年骆马湖水体中总氮和总磷的平均值超《地表水环境质量标准》（GB3838-2002）中Ⅲ类，超标情况分别为0．78倍和0．54倍，达到湖库特定项目Ⅳ类水标准，骆马湖处于轻度富营养化状态。对骆马湖生态特征分析表明，由于该湖泊的形态以及“藻型浊水状态”和“泥沙型浊水状态”交替出现，遏制了湖水从高营养盐含量向全面富营养化状态演变，保障了底栖动物的良好生长环境，从而形成了骆马湖独特的环境生态平衡。     

抚仙湖流域主要生态安全问题识别

对抚仙湖的水质污染、水环境安全、生物多样性环境安全、湖泊湿地与环境安全、水资源4方面进行了安全问题识别,在此基础上开展抚仙湖生态资源环境安全问题识别,包括农业耕作土污染的环境安全问题、土壤侵蚀（水土流失）环境安全问题。结果表明：抚仙湖的生态安全面临一定的威胁,必须采取有效措施,切实解决生态环境问题,维护湖泊生态安全。     

Water purification with sintered porous materials fabricated at 400℃ from sea bottom sediments

A sintering technology for preparing porous materials from sea bottom sediments was developed for use in water purification. The purpose of the present study was to develop methods for converting the sea bottom sediments dredged from Ago Bay into value-added recycled products. The sintered products fabricated at 400℃ were found to be very effective adsorbents for the removal of heavy metals.     

东湖“赤潮”的成因分析及发展趋势

2003年3月下旬东湖水质发生了异常现象,为找到水质明显变化的原因,武汉市环境监测中心站通过及时布点取样分析,监测分析水中的生物群落结构,确认东湖发生了"赤潮",并找出了污染源头。通过跟踪监测,了解多甲藻的变化趋势,并提出对涉及外来物种等海洋馆类建设项目的强化管理的建议。     

沈阳北部污水处理厂出水回用于丁香湖溶质运移预测

通过对北部污水处理厂出水、丁香湖地区水环境质量现状评价,采用Visual MODFLOW数值模拟方法预测北部污水处理厂出水再生回用于丁香湖后研究区水质的变化情况,分析由此可能带来的水环境水质风险,来研究北部污水处理厂出水再生利用于丁香湖方案在水质上的可行性。预测结果显示：在地下水动力场作用下,随着时间的延长,SO4^2-将向下游不断运移并出现了累积现象,污水再生利用到丁香湖后,对地下水环境未来情况有一定的影响。     

海洋沉积物的环境磁学研究简述

环境磁学是一门介于地球科学、环境科学和磁学之间的边缘学科,可提供大量有关区域或全球环境变化及人类活动对环境影响等的重要信息.海洋沉积物是当前环境磁学研究的主要领域之一.根据最近20多a的研究成果,本文简述了海洋沉积物中的磁性矿物和磁学性质及其古环境意义等方面所取得的进展.     

Cost-effective forest conservation and criteria for potential conservation targets: a Finnish case study

Selecting reserves for forest biodiversity maintenance is often done by setting criteria for components of structural elements of biodiversity, such as a volume of decaying wood. We tested how the different threshold values for the components of structural elements affect the cost-effective site selection. Using Finnish National Forest Inventory information and remote sensing data, we determined a habitat quality index and economic value for each site in Satakunta region in Finland. Moreover, we defined several sets of potential conservation targets using alternative criteria for the habitat quality index developed for the Finnish case study. These figures were used in the site selection model in order to maximize the sum of habitat index of selected areas under a given budget constraint. We found that the production possibility frontier for the outputs of timber and biodiversity is only slightly concave when using the given threshold values. Thus, the optimal combination of the outputs is sensitive to the relative values of these goods. Our results suggest that an integrated approach in forest conservation could provide to environmental managers considerable cost savings compared with current management practices. Environmental managers could also reduce conservation costs by loosening the criteria for potential conservation targets. This would not lower considerably the quality of conserved forests.