Error propagation in pesticide residue measurements estimated by computational simulations and inter-laboratory sample analysis

An assessment of the error associated with conventional pesticide residue analysis has been conducted based on computer simulations and inter-laboratory residue analysis. Computational simulations were conducted based on (i) typical performance and regulatory acceptance criteria of analytical methods, and (ii) field residue distributions. In addition, field samples with incurred residues were sent to different private laboratories and the results compared. The relative difference in pesticide residues obtained when samples from the same field or produce lot are analyzed at separate laboratories was used to quantify the uncertainty associated with residue analyses performed using common analytical technology, and methods that are in compliance with current regulatory requirements. The study showed that differences of > 100% are common and should be expected when samples from the same crop are analyzed at different laboratories. The results also suggest that the error within residue measurements can be particularly detrimental when a result is reported near the maximum residue limit (MRL).     

生物膜法与活性污泥法

通过两种工艺不同特点的对比，指出了生物膜法工艺的根本特性，说明该工艺是有机污水治理的江佳选择，是炼油污水处理工艺的最佳选择．另对“无剩余污泥”提出了不同看法．     

气相色谱法测定人参中BHC残留量

本文研究了一种快速、简便、准确地测定人参中ＢＨＣ残留量的气相色谱法。人参样品经正己烷—丙酮冷浸泡,超声萃取,磺化法处理后,萃取液直接上机测定。本方法对人参中ＢＨＣ各异构体的回收率均在８５％以上。变异系数小于１０％。与其它方法相比,本法耗时少,价格廉,结果准确,适合批量样品测定。     

桑叶中多菌灵的残留量分析方法

本文报道了用高效液相色谱仪测定桑叶中多菌灵残留量的分析方法。样品用酸性甲醇振荡提取，二氯甲烷萃取纯化，样品浓度为10、5、0．5ppm时，方法回收率范围、标准差、变异系数分别为88．14～98．94％、1．01～2．58、1．05～2．82％；添加平均回收率为86．98～95．58％，标准差和变异系数为0．96～3．47、1．00～3．99％。     

呼伦贝尔草原优良牧草及土壤中有机氯农药残留量调查研究

本文根据内蒙古地区草原牧草及土壤中有害物质现状调查技术规范，对著名的畜牧业基地──呼伦贝尔草原优良牧草及土壤中有机氯农药（六六六、ＤＤＴ）残留量进行了调查研究。结果表明，这两种有机氯农药在呼伦贝尔草原牧草及土壤中的残留量低于内蒙古地区的平均水平，更低于国家粮食作物及土壤卫生标准。但其化学性质稳定、脂溶性强，应停止使用。     

农药在大棚蔬菜上的残留消解

通过对６种农药在７种大棚作物上的共１４次农药残留消解试验，及与露地作物所作的比较表明，除粉锈宁在大棚草莓上的消解外，农药在大棚蔬菜上的残留消解速度要慢于露地蔬菜，大棚空间农药沉降于蔬菜，是消解慢的重要原因，而环境条件对消解的影响程度还需进一步研究。该文指出，消解慢和大棚空气中浓度高；是大棚生产中两个突出的农药污染问题，前者导致上市大棚蔬菜的农药超标率高，后者为农事操作人员带来了恶劣的工作条件，需采     

燕山石化公司工业废渣填埋场环境现状分析

在简单介绍工业废渣填埋场工程、运行管理、填埋废物情况的基础上，对渣场及周边环境状况进行分析，并对今后工作提出改进建议。     

石煤灰渣酸浸提钒后残渣作水泥混合材试验研究

为探索提钒残渣用作水泥混合材的可行性,根据提钒残渣的物化特性分析,设计出合理的配料方案,通过对试样的物理检验,研究了提钒残渣的掺量对水泥性能的影响.试验结果表明,提钒残渣属于活性混合材,在掺量为25%-40%时,可单独用作水泥混合材,且不论单掺还是和水泥厂石煤渣对掺,水泥各项性能指标均符合GB175-2007<通用硅酸...     

赤红壤、砖红壤矿物油污染效应研究

本研究采用盆栽试验法,研究了赤红壤、砖红壤中矿物油对水稻、花生的生理生态影响和矿物油在土壤中的净化。研究结果表明:矿物油对第一季水稻生长发育影响不大,对第二季则表现出明显的抑制作用,低浓度矿物油对花生生长发育有促进作用,高浓度则对其起抑制作用;收获后,水稻各部分及水稻土,花生根及花生土油残留均与投油量呈极显著的直线正相关关系,油在作物根部最易积累;种植两季水稻后,油在赤红壤、砖红壤中的净化率分别为80％以上和50％左右。最后,根据上述研究确定了赤红壤、砖红壤的矿物油临界含量分别为270.90mg/kg和318.92mg/kg。      

Testing the efficiency of extraction of incurred residues from soil with optimized multi-residue method

The reproducibility of extraction of residues from spiked soil samples and from soils containing incurred residues was tested with ¹⁴C-labeled test compounds of different physical-chemical properties. Nearly 100% of the compounds added to the sample before extraction could be recovered with an average reproducibility relative standard deviation (CV) of 5.4%. The additional steps of the determination process (cleanup, evaporation, etc.) contributed to the major part of the variability of the results (CV = 10–20%). The incurred residues were most efficiently extracted with acetone for 30 min followed by the mixture of acetone/ethyl acetate 1:1 for additional 30 min. However, they could only be recovered at various extent (64–90% of total residues), underlying the importance of testing the efficiency of extraction. The residues were identified and quantified by gas chromatography applying thermionic detector. The performance parameters of the method complied with the international method validation guidelines, and they proved to be robust and suitable for determination of pesticide residues in soils of widely different physical–chemical properties.