含瓦斯构造煤卸围压作用渗透性变化特征试验研究

针对含瓦斯煤轴压恒定卸围压渗透性演化规律,以新登煤业二1煤原煤样为研究 对象,利用自主研发的含瓦斯煤岩三轴应力蠕变渗流试验装置,开展不同围压下轴向应 力恒定卸围压渗流测试试验。基于实验结果表明:构造煤在应力加载阶段渗透率降低, 且轴压围压同时加载,渗透率变化与轴向应变符合线性变化,轴压加载阶段,渗透率与 轴向应变符合负指数函数变化规律;围压卸载阶段,渗透率在卸围压过程中一直减小, 随着轴向应变的增加,渗透率出现反弹,但未出现突变现象,渗透率增加阶段与时间变 化符合退化的负指数函数关系;构造煤渗透率卸围压失稳后,渗透率没有出现突变原因 认为煤样中没有形成较大的有效渗流通道,且在一定的有效应力作用下瓦斯渗流的有效 通道出现自愈合现象。     

Knowledge Production and Learning for Sustainable Landscapes: Seven Steps Using Social–Ecological Systems as Laboratories

There are multiple challenges regarding use and governance of landscapes’ goods, functions and intangible values for ecosystem health and human well-being. One group of challenges is to measure and assess principal sustainability dimensions through performance targets, so stakeholders have transparent information about states and trends. Another group is to develop adaptive governance at multiple levels, and management of larger geographical areas across scales. Addressing these challenges, we present a framework for transdisciplinary research using multiple landscapes as place-based case studies that integrates multiple research disciplines and non-academic actors: (1) identify a suite of landscapes, and for each (2) review landscape history, (3) map stakeholders, use and non-use values, products and land use, (4) analyze institutions, policies and the system of governance, (5) measure ecological, economic, social and cultural sustainability, (6) assess sustainability dimensions and governance, and finally (7) make comparisons and synthesize. Collaboration, communication and dissemination are additional core features. We discuss barriers bridges and bridges for applying this approach.     

城市水环境承载力及其实证研究

采用系统研究方法，对城市水环境承载力的概念、实质、功能及定量表达方法作出了分析，并利用系统动力学模拟手段进行了实证研究，利用水环境承载力指数变化对拟定的调整策略变量作出了预测、优化，得出了较满意的结论。     

区域滑坡时间分布的自相似性研究

滑坡时间分布是滑坡预测和预警报研究的关键内容,对一定区域滑坡分布时间规律的研究可为区域滑坡预测和预警报提供参考和指导。本文以长江三峡库区滑坡为研究对象,对滑坡的年际分布和月份分布的相似性分别进行了研究。结果表明,两种时间的分布规律具有较好的相似性,且滑坡规模越接近,相似性程度越高。对滑坡时间分布的相似性研究,为应用分形理论研究该区域滑坡时间分布规律提供了理论基础。     

水泥炉窑中低温催化脱硝技术中试性能

利用中低温SCR脱硝技术路线对水泥窑炉进行深度脱硝,设计建设了烟气处理量为10000m3/h的SCR中试实验装置,考察了在SNCR装置后烟气中未能反应的NH3进一步在SCR(selective catalytic reduction)装置的脱硝效果,并分析了不同入口 NOx浓度对脱硝率的影响.结果表明,所研究的水泥厂仅...     

Assessment and mapping of environmental quality in agricultural soils of Zhejiang Province, China

Heavy metal concentrations in agricultural soils of Zhejiang Province were monitored to indicate the status of heavy metal contamination and assess environmental quality of agricultural soils. A total of 908 soil samples were collected from 38 counties in Zbejiang Province and eight heavy metal （Cd, Cr, Pb, Hg, Cu, Zn, Ni and As） concentrations had been evaluated in agricultural soil. It was found 775 samples were unpolluted and 133 samples were slightly polluted and more respectively, that is approximately 14.65% agricultural soil samples had the heavy metal concentration above the threshold level in this province by means of Nemerow＇s synthetical pollution index method according to the second grade of Standards for Soil Environmental Quality of China （GB15618- 1995）. Contamination of Cd was the highest, followed by Ni, As and Zn were lower correspondingly. Moreover, Inverse Distance Weighted （IDW） interpolation method was used to make an assessment map of soil environmental quality based on the Nemerow＇s pollution index and the soil environmental quality was categorized into five grades. Moreover, ten indices were calculated as input parameters for principal component analysis （PCA） and the principal components （PCs） were created to compare environmental quality of different soils and regions. The results revealed that environmental quality of tea soils was better than that of paddy soils, vegetable soils and fruit soils. This study indicated that GIS combined with multivariate statistical approaches proved to be effective and powerful tool in the mapping of soil contamination distribution and the assessment of soil environmental quality on provincial scale, which is beneficial to environmental protection and management decision-making by local government.     

基于灾害系统的中国南北方雪灾对比研究——以2008年南方冰冻雨雪灾害和2009年北方暴雪灾害为例

基于2008年中国南方低温雨雪冰冻灾害和2009年北方暴雪灾害典型雪灾案例,确定了这两场雪灾影响范围.从区域致灾因子、孕灾环境、承灾体和灾情等方面进行灾害系统对比分析,结果表明:南北方雪灾受灾区域覆盖面积广,重灾区前者为南岭地区,后者为华北平原中部;两场雪灾范围叠加区为南北方过渡地带.南北方雪灾均呈链发式,前者以"雨雪...     

铁磁形状记忆合金研究进展与展望(Ⅲ):应用研究

阐述了铁磁形状记忆合金(Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Alloy,简写为FSMA)在智能材料及其应用领域的优越性.重点介绍了FSMA装置研发和基于FSMA装置的体系分析理论的发展历程和研究现状.仔细分析了各种FSMA装置频率、输出力和最大位移等关键技术指标,讨论了基于电磁学、热力学和力学原理的包...     

浅论“研究性学习“教学模式

"研究性学习"教学模式,促使教学理念发生根本的改变,它以学生的发展为根本,注重教学活动中学生素质的形成过程,使学生在主动、互动的学习过程中有所思、有所为、有所得,使学生的学习水平、科学意识、人文思想、实践能力、创新精神等得到全面发展.     

福州市海峡供销再生资源产业园区可行性研究

对建设福州市海峡供销再生资源产业园区项目的背景、内容、规模,以及园区开发经营和效益进行可行性分析研究。园区建设作为一个长期项目,将成为海峡西岸经济区重要的废旧商品回收利用示范基地。