太湖山地强降雨事件中不同水体的氮磷负荷分析

夏季暴雨洪水是太湖山区氮磷营养盐流失的主要载体,对强降雨事件中的不同水体农业养分负荷的观测和分析,将有助于更准确地评估农业非点源污染。在台风“麦莎”期间,选择典型山区流域对台风降雨径流过程进行观测。结果表明太湖山地短时强降水事件中,地下径流约占总径流的51％,而对无机氮径流负荷的贡献在80％以上;可溶性总磷在河道径流中的浓度低于在地下水和地表径流中的浓度,显示可溶性磷在汇流过程中被截留,说明可溶性磷的迁移具有流域尺度的迟滞特征。     

牛栏江流域景观格局分析

针对牛栏江流域云南段,基于遥感监测所获得的植被覆盖斑块信息,就该地区景观格局进行分析研究。结果表明：研究区内景观类型丰富,不同景观类型斑块大小的平均水平,以及斑块密度差异明显;流域内景观受人为干扰较大,说明了流域内生态环境较脆弱。     

黄河兰州市区段水质污染的监测与防治

通过对黄河兰州市区段2007年水质进行监测,评价分析了黄河兰州段水体的污染现状、污染变化及其特征,结果表明黄河兰州市区段水质存在着不同程度的污染。对造成水质污染的原因、污染危害及防治对策进行了讨论,提出了相应的污染防治对策。     

灌溉管理改革的进展、特征及决定因素:黄河流域灌区的实证研究

论文采用两年的面板数据实证研究了我国黄河流域灌区灌溉管理改革的进展、特征及决定因素。研究结果表明,自20世纪90年代开始,黄河流域灌区灌溉管理改革取得了很大的进展,传统的集体管理已经逐步被承包管理和用水协会管理所取代,不同管理制度下农民参与的程度与管理的透明度都有所区别,政府的政策干预在促进灌溉管理改革上发挥了十分重要的作用,改革具有明显的政策导向性。在未来的灌溉管理改革中,政府部门应进一步出台相关鼓励改革政策,积极引导广大农民参与到改革的事业中,促进改革在更加广阔的农村地区的有效推进和良性发展。     

东江干流河岸带植物群落类型分布格局研究

对东江干流河滨带植物群落类型进行详细调查,并对其空间分异情况进行了系统研究。根据野外调查所获90个样地数据资料,结合应用了TWINSPAN、DCA、CCA等数量分析方法。调查中共发现样内植物56科187属271种;TWINSPAN分类将该90个样地归并划分为15个群丛;DCA排序的第一轴的累积变异量为9.3%,前两轴的累积变异量为15.8%;CCA排序前两轴对物种-环境关系的解释量为62.6%;DCA、CCA排序分析揭示了群落在上、中、下游的分布情况,以及这些群落的分布格局与温度、人类干扰强度、土壤含水量等因子之间的相互关系。     

珠江流域下游地区降水空间分布规律研究

剧烈人类活动和全球气候持续变化双重影响下流域水文气象要素特征研究是目前水文水资源领域热点问题之一。论文以珠江流域下游地区为研究区域,根据该地区125个雨量观测站1956—2005年50 a逐月降水资料,利用信息论中有向信息传输指数定量分析各观测站点之间降水的信息传递,并结合聚类分析方法判断各观测站的所属关系,研究珠江流域下游地区降雨的空间分布规律。研究表明:受地形条件和沿海季风气候的共同作用,珠江流域下游地区降水具有自相似性特点,在空间分布上存在7个相似区域。     

Forecasting the effects of EU policy measures on the nitrate pollution of groundwater and surface waters

We used the interdisciplinary model network REGFLUD to predict the actual mean nitrate concentration in percolation water at the scale of the Weser river basin (Germany) using an area differentiated (100 m × 100 m) approach.REGFLUD combines the agro-economic model RAUMIS for estimating nitrogen surpluses and the hydrological models GROWA/DENUZ for assessing the nitrate leaching from the soil.For areas showing predicted nitrate concentrations in percolation water above the European Union (EU) groundwater quality standard of 50 mg NO 3 -N/L,effective agri-environmental reduction measures need to be derived and implemented to improve groundwater and surface water quality by 2015.The effects of already implemented agricultural policy are quantified by a baseline scenario projecting the N-surpluses from agricultural sector to 2015.The REGFLUD model is used to estimate the effects of this scenario concerning groundwater and surface water pollution by nitrate.From the results of the model analysis the needs for additional measures can be derived in terms of required additional N-surplus reduction and in terms of regional prioritization of measures.Research work will therefore directly support the implementation of the Water Framework Directive of the European Union in the Weser basin.     

Classification of different sustainable flood retention basin types

Using a revised version of a previously published expert classification system, a database of potential Sustainable Flood Retention Basins has been developed for Scotland. The research shows that the majority of small and former (often old) drinking water reservoirs are kept full and their spillways are continuously in operation. Utilising some of the available capacity to contribute to flood control could significantly reduce the costs of complying with the European Union Flood Directive. Furthermore, the application of a previously developed classification model for Baden in Germany for the Scottish data set showed a lower diversity for basins in Scotland due to less developed infrastructure. The classification system appears to be robust and has the potential, with minor modifications, to be applied across Europe. The principle value of this approach is a clear and unambiguous categorisation, based on standard variables, which can help to promote communication and understanding between stakeholders.     

基于公路网络的长江三角洲旅游景点可达性格局研究

论文运用GIS软件,定量分析了长江三角洲旅游景点可达性。通过分析发现:长江三角洲旅游景点资源的可达性较好,整个区域的平均可达性时间为25.89 min,景点的可达性在30 min以内的区域达到了69.79%,可达性空间分布具有明显的交通指向性,人文景点可达性好的区域相对于自然景点更加集中。并以县域为统计单元,分析了所有景点、人文景点、自然景点三种类型的空间关联情况,均呈弱集聚格局,可达性热点区域的分布都表现为以上海为核心的圈层结构,冷点区域分布在长江三角洲区域的外围地区。在上述分析的基础上,将影响景点可达性的因素归纳为4个,即:旅游景点分布、路网结构的地区差异、自然环境和人文环境。     

Forecasting the e ects of EU policy measures on the nitrate pollution of groundwater and surface waters

We used the interdisciplinary model network REGFLUD to predict the actual mean nitrate concentration in percolation water at the scale of the Weser river basin (Germany) using an area di erentiated (100 m 100 m) approach. REGFLUD combines the agro-economic model RAUMIS for estimating nitrogen surpluses and the hydrological models GROWA/DENUZ for assessing the nitrate leaching from the soil. For areas showing predicted nitrate concentrations in percolation water above the European Union (EU) groundwater quality standard of 50 mg NO3-N/L, e ective agri-environmental reduction measures need to be derived and implemented to improve groundwater and surface water quality by 2015. The e ects of already implemented agricultural policy are quantified by a baseline scenario projecting the N-surpluses from agricultural sector to 2015. The REGFLUD model is used to estimate the e ects of this scenario concerning groundwater and surface water pollution by nitrate. From the results of the model analysis the needs for additional measures can be derived in terms of required additional N-surplus reduction and in terms of regional prioritization of measures. Research work will therefore directly support the implementation of the Water Framework Directive of the European Union in the Weser basin.