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861.
862.
伊犁河伊宁市段水质污染特征分析 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
在对伊犁河伊宁市段历年水质状况进行综合评价的基础上,探讨了城市河段水质的变化规律、污染特征和成因。 相似文献
863.
The long-term water quality monitoring program implemented by the Massachusetts Water Resources Authority in 1992 is extensive
and has provide substantial understanding of the seasonality of the waters in both Boston Harbor and Massachusetts Bay and
the response to improvements in effluent quality and offshore transfer of the effluent in September 2000. The monitoring program
was designed with limited knowledge of spatial and temporal variability and long-term trends within the system. This led to
an extensive spatial and temporal sampling program. The data through 2003 showed high correlation within physical parameters
measured (e.g., salinity, dissolved oxygen) and in biological measures such as chlorophyll fluorescence. To address the potential
sampling redundancies in the measurement program, an assessment of the impact of reduced levels of monitoring on the ability
to make water quality decisions was completed. The optimization was conducted by applying statistical models that took into
account whether there was evidence of a seasonal pattern in the data. The optimization used model survey average readings
to identify temporal fixed effects, model survey-average-corrected individual station readings to identify spatial fixed effects,
corrected the individual station readings for temporal and spatial fixed effects and derived a correlation model for the corrected
data, and applied the correlation model to characterize the correlation of annual average readings from reduced monitoring
programs with true parameter levels. Reductions in the number of sampling stations were found less detrimental to the quality
of the data for annual decision-making than reductions in the number of surveys per year, although there is less of a difference
in this regard for dissolved oxygen than there is for chlorophyll. The analysis led to recommendations for a substantially
lower monitoring effort with minimal loss of information. The recommendation supported an annual budget savings of approximately
$183,000. Most of the savings was from fewer surveys as approximately $21,000 came from the reduction in the number of stations
monitored from 21 to 7 and associated laboratory analytical costs. 相似文献
864.
Klopchin JL Stewart JR Webster LF Sandifer PA 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2008,137(1-3):301-313
Morgan Island, located within the ACE Basin National Estuarine Research Reserve in South Carolina, is home to the only free-ranging
colony of rhesus monkeys (Macca mulatta) in the continental United States. The purpose of this study was to assess environmental impacts of the monkey colony on
water quality in adjacent tidal creeks and on island vegetation. Three tidal creeks were sampled: Morgan Creek, adjacent to
the monkey colony; Back Creek, on Morgan Island not adjacent to the colony; and Rock Creek, on a nearby island unoccupied
by monkeys. Temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, nutrients and fecal coliform bacteria were measured six times at
three sites in each of these creeks, and vegetation change analysis was conducted in a geographic information system using
satellite imagery. Results showed elevated fecal coliform concentrations in the Morgan Creek site immediately adjacent to
the colony, though no samples exceeded the standard set for recreational water use. Ribotyping reconnaissance matched four
Escherichia coli isolates from Morgan and Back Creeks to the monkeys, identifying the colony as one source of fecal coliform bacteria, though
relative source loadings could not be quantified. Significant differences were not observed between ammonia or orthophosphate
levels in Morgan Creek relative to the other creeks tested; and vegetation change analysis showed a 35% increase in canopy
cover between 1979 and 1999. Overall, these results suggest that the rhesus colony’s environmental impacts are localized and
minimal. Results from this study provide baseline data on Morgan Island and may be useful in management decisions regarding
the future of the monkey colony. 相似文献
865.
Adomako D Nyarko BJ Dampare SB Serfor-Armah Y Osae S Fianko JR Akaho EH 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2008,141(1-3):165-175
Waters and sediments of Subin River, which flows through the industrial and commercial areas of Kumasi in the Ashanti region
of Ghana, were geochemically investigated to ascertain heavy metal pollution levels due to anthropogenic activities. The study
shows preoccupying pollution levels that constitute a threat to public and ecological systems. The waters of Subin River are
neutral to slightly basic, inferred from pH values of 6.89–7.65). Electric conductivity (EC) of the waters ranges from 822
to 1,821 μs/cm and the range of total dissolved solids (TDS) is from 409 to 913 mg/l. Toxic elements contents of sediments
and waters from 10 sites along the river were analysed by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA), and Al, As, Cd,
Cr, Cu and Zn were determined. The concentrations of Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu and Zn in the waters range between 4.02–15.18, 0.007–0.16,
0.002–0.05, 0.001–0.019, 1.32–7.04 and 4.28–10.2 mg/l, respectively. The contamination factors (CF) computed for the elements
indicate that with the exception of sampling site S10, the sediments are polluted with Cd. Chromium contamination in the sediments
is observed at S6 and S7, where the CF values were 1.39 and 1.52, respectively. The pollution load indices (PLI) were low
(<1) and ranged from 0.14 to 0.75, suggesting that the overall sediment column of the river is not polluted. 相似文献
866.
Majagi SH Vijaykumar K Vasanthkaumar B 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2008,138(1-3):273-279
In this study, some heavy metals concentrations (Zn, Pb, Fe, Mn, Cu, Ni) and other physico-chemical parameters were studied
during October 2001 to September 2003 in Karanja reservoir, Bidar district. Water quality parameters were collected monthly
basis whereas heavy metals were analyzed by Atomic Adsorption Spectrometer (AAS). Heavy metals have shown within the permissible
limits, except Fe and Ni were recorded higher values in southwest monsoon, where as Mn has showed higher concentration in
northeast monsoon in and summer. All other physico-chemical parameters are with in the permissible limit. Water is moderately
hard and reservoir is productive. 相似文献
867.
May TW Fairchild JF Petty JD Walther MJ Lucero J Delvaux M Manring J Armbruster M 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2008,137(1-3):213-232
The Solomon River Basin is located in north-central Kansas in an area underlain by marine geologic shales. Selenium is an
indigenous constituent of these shales and is readily leached into the surrounding groundwater. Portions of the Basin are
irrigated primarily through the pumping of selenium-contaminated groundwater from wells onto fields in agricultural production.
Water, sediment, macroinvertebrates, and fish were collected from various sites in the Basin in 1998 and analyzed for selenium.
Selenium concentrations were analyzed spatially and temporally and compared to reported selenium toxic effect thresholds for
specific ecosystem components: water, sediments, food-chain organisms, and wholebody fish. A selenium aquatic hazard assessment
for the Basin was determined based on protocol established by Lemly. Throughout the Basin, water, macroinvertebrate, and whole
fish samples exceeded levels suspected of causing reproductive impairment in fish. Population structures of several fish species
implied that successful reproduction was occurring; however, the influence of immigration of fish from low-selenium habitats
could not be discounted. Site-specific fish reproduction studies are needed to determine the true impact of selenium on fishery
resources in the Basin.
The U.S. Government’s right to retain a non-exclusive, royalty free license in and to any copyright is acknowledged. 相似文献
868.
Transportation system has contributed significantly to the development of human civilization; on the other hand it has an
enormous impact on the ambient air quality in several ways. In this paper the air and noise pollution at selected sites along
three sections of National Highway was monitored. Pakistan National Highway Authority has started a Highway Improvement
program for rehabilitations and maintenance of National highways to improve the traffic flows, and would ultimately improve
the air quality along highways. The ambient air quality and noise level was monitored at nine different locations along these
sections of highways to quantify the air pollution. The duration of monitoring at individual location was 72 h. The most of
the sampling points were near the urban or village population, schools or hospitals, in order to quantify the air pollution
at most affected locations along these roads. A database consisting of information regarding the source of emission, local
metrology and air quality may be created to assess the profile of air quality in the area. 相似文献
869.
Modelling vegetation greenness responses to climate variability in a Mediterranean terrestrial ecosystem 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Accurate knowledge of the quality and environmental impact of the highway runoff in Pear River Delta, South China is required
to assess this important non-point pollution source. This paper presents the quality characterization and environmental impact
assessment of rainfall runoff from highways in urban and rural area of Guangzhou, the largest city of Pear River Delta over
1 year’s investigation. Multiple regression and Pearson correlation analysis were used to determine influence of the rainfall
characteristics on water quality and correlations among the constituents in highway runoff. The results and analysis indicates
that the runoff water is nearly neutral with low biodegradability. Oil and grease (O&G), suspended solids (SS) and heavy metals
are the dominant pollutants in contrast to the low level of nutrient constituents in runoff. Quality of highway runoff at
rural site is better than that of at urban site for most constituents. Depth and antecedent dry period are the main rainfall
factors influencing quality of highway runoff. The correlation patterns among constituents in highway runoff at urban site
are consistent with their dominant phases in water. Strong correlations (r ≥ 0.80) are found among chemical oxygen demand (COD), total phosphorus, Cu and Zn as well as conductivity, nitrate nitrogen
and total nitrogen. O&G, COD, SS and Pb in highway runoff at urban site substantially exceed their concentrations in receiving
water of Pear River. The soil directly discharged by highway runoff at rural site has contaminated seriously by heavy metals
in surface layer accompanying with pH conversion from original acidic to alkaline at present. 相似文献
870.
长江下游典型滨海地区农业土壤重金属污染特征 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为揭示长江下游滨海地区农业土壤重金属污染状况,以滨江临海的南通市为例,网格化布点,采集表层农业土壤样品共计334个,对其重金属Cu、Pb、Cr、As、Hg含量进行了测定分析.结果表明,研究区域表层农业土壤中各重金属含量均已超过其背景值,且以Pb污染最为严重;区域性差异较大,以滨海的如东、海门、启东污染最为严重,且以海门、启东As含量最高;各重金属间相关性不显著,来源途径不止一种.从而提出南通市农业土壤重金属污染的防治应立足于防重于治的方针,着重滨海地区,以Pb、As污染源为主,并对污染土壤进行修复. 相似文献