Study of high-tech process furnace using inherently safer design strategies (I) temperature distribution model and process effect

High-tech industries, such as those producing semiconductor and TFT-LCD (Thin Film Transistor Liquid Crystal Display), have recently become the most important economic activities in Taiwan. Each of these industries has a complete chain of supply from raw material production, production pre-processing, product manufacturing, to waste handling. Any company in the chain is a critical component, since any accidents of fire, explosion, gas leakage, or power outage would cut off the supply chain, causing inability of continuous operation. In industries of semiconductor and TFT-LCD, great amounts of special gases and chemicals with many machinery equipments are used in the production processes. In cases of accidents or improper installation, this chain of supply, from raw material production, preproduction, product manufacturing, to waste handling materials and equipments may cause severe damages or incidents.This study used the existing model of the horizontal furnace to develop a simulation program. The simulation results were consistent with the existing model, and produced even slightly better results on temperature distribution and temperature sensitivity. The simulation model applied on a vertical furnace could provide data on furnace temperature control for industrial use. Meanwhile, this study also deduced actual temperature control and an ISD strategy, which are consistent with design strategy principles.The validation results on the proposed temperature distribution model suggested that the model can be applied in temperature distribution and sensitivity analysis to obtain adjustment and control models for various heating zones. In the case of a single tool, when processing reduction is 60 pieces, switching off the two heating zones can reduce 44% of power output, for a capacity utilization rate of 93.7% for the entire plant. The application of the proposed temperature control model can reduce power consumption by 121.4 kWh. In addition, with the same number of tools, facilities layouts in two cases have an area difference of 41.4775 m², thus shortening the evacuation time for operators. The experimental results proved that the proposed model has realized the ISD principles of intensification, attenuation, and limitation of effects.     

石墨炉AAS法分析冬青科苦丁茶树系统中镉及其分布

采集海南大学苦丁茶种质资源库中6种冬青科(Ilex)苦丁茶树的根、茎、叶及对应土壤样品,通过试验研究,建立了高压密封消解-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定样品中镉的方法。对植物样和土壤样分别采用硝酸-双氧水和硝酸-高氯酸-氢氟酸混酸体系进行消解。以磷酸二氢铵作为基体改进剂,并开启氘灯校正背景,在优化的工作条件下测定样品中镉。该方法的检出限为0.300ng/mL,用于实验样品中镉的测定,其相对标准偏差RSD5%,加标回收率介于94%～108%之间。用该方法对茶叶(GBW10016)和土壤(GBW-07407)标准参考物中镉进行了测定,测定结果与标准值相符合,相对误差小于7%。冬青科苦丁茶树及其土壤中镉的分布具有特征性,主要表现为:土壤茶树,根际土壤非根际土壤,吸收根主根或茎,嫩叶老叶枯叶。     

高炉出铁口烟尘捕集技术浅析

介绍了高炉出铁口烟尘捕集的重要性和困难性,分析和比较了三种主要大型高炉出铁口烟尘捕集方式的特点,指出了其发展趋势。     

石墨炉原子吸收法测定电子废弃物处理场地附近植物中的钼

利用预烘干一湿法酸化消解方法处理植物并获得消解液,然后采用涂层石墨管,在探索不同原子化温度与灰化温度的多种优化试验条件基础上,对电子废弃物处理场地附近植物体内的钼进行了测定,样品进行平行试验,相对标准偏差（n=11）〈2．3％。     

生物质粉体燃烧炉实验研究

利用生物质微米燃料进行了粉体燃烧炉实验研究。在实验工况下,该燃烧炉能够稳定燃烧;当燃料/风量为250g/m3时,主燃室温度稳定在1150℃左右,最高可达1249℃,燃料燃烧充分,燃烧效果最佳;在最佳工况下,炉膛的温度场适宜,能够满足其工业化应用需要。     

韶钢2200 m3高炉优化休复风操作生产实践研究

韶钢2200 m³高炉投产运行近16年,处于炉役后期生产,受操作炉型不规则且炉缸保温性能极大下降等影响,高炉休风检修后,炉况恢复较困难。通过科学调剂精料管理、优化休风料加入方式、上下部操作制度并改进造渣制度和出铁模式等一系列措施,实现了高炉在短时间内快速恢复炉况的目的。     

基于FLUENT的炼钢电炉车间粉尘控制措施优化*

为降低炼钢电炉车间粉尘对作业人员的危害,通过对某钢铁厂电炉车间实际情况为研究背景,利用现场调研与数值模拟对炼钢电炉车间的粉尘空间分布以及粒子运动规律进行分析。在采用FLUENT粒子流场综合计算的理论基础上,利用DPM颗粒运动轨道中的离散运动模型,加载粒子相,并综合计算两相流,最终得到粒子的运动规律。通过分析逃逸扩散粉尘在不同空间分布中的情况以及扩散粉尘颗粒物逃逸率的情况,综合分析对车间环境造成的影响。结果表明:粉尘粒径越小,对气流的跟随性越好,排风口对粉尘的捕集效果越差;集气罩的安装位置距离污染源越近捕集效果越好;集气罩的尺寸越大对粉尘的捕集效果越好。     

原油加热炉对流炉管表面积灰清理技术的应用

针对鲁宁线和中洛线原油加热炉炉管穿孔现象,对加热炉积灰成分、性质及成因进行了分析,提出有效的高压蒸汽清灰技术。现场应用表明,该技术可提高炉管换热效率、减少炉管的腐蚀,确保加热炉的安全运行。     

Vaporization reduction characteristics of aqueous ammonia solutions by the addition of ethylene glycol, glycerol and glycine to the CO2 absorption process

Aqueous ammonia (NH₃) solution can be used as an alternative absorption for the control of CO₂ emitted from flue gases due to its high absorption capacity, fast absorption rate and low corrosion problem. The emission of CO₂ from iron and steel plants requires much attention, as they are higher than those emitted from power plants at a single point source. In the present work, low concentration ammonia liquor, 9 wt.%, was used with various additives to obtain the kinetic properties using the blast furnace gas model. Although a solution with a high ammonia concentration enables high CO₂ absorption efficiency, ammonium ions are lost as ammonia vapor, resulting in reduced CO₂ absorption due to the lower concentration of the ammonia absorbent. To decrease the vaporization of ammonia, ethylene glycol, glycerol and glycine, which contain more than one hydroxyl radical, were chosen. The experiments were conducted at 313 K similar to the CO₂ absorption conditions for the blast furnace gas model.     

宇部UM46.4SN立磨矿渣粉生产线的调试经验

介绍了利用立磨粉磨矿渣粉的工艺流程、主机设备和工艺参数,分析了调试过程中上料系统、粉磨系统和成品储存系统出现的问题,并提出了相应的解决方法,总结了立磨生产矿渣粉的经验。