火电厂脱硝的尿素制氨技术概述

选择性催化还原法（简称SCR）脱硝用还原剂氨气的制备原料主要有液氨、氨水及尿素三种。由于液氨工艺系统简单,运输、投资、运行成本较低,在目前的工程中已广泛应用,但存在的缺点是对系统的安全性要求较高。根据《危险化学品重大危险源辨识标准》（GB18218—2009）,液氨储量超过10吨视为重大危险源,因此,某些特殊地区（如北京、广州等地）要求还原剂制备系统采用安全性要求较低的尿素工艺。尿素工艺又分为热解法和水解法制氨,本文分别说明了两种工艺的技术原理、工艺流程。     

垃圾焚烧炉炉膛温度的影响因素

垃圾焚烧过程的不稳定会导致大量有害物质的生成,为确保垃圾的清洁燃烧需要将炉膛温度控制在850℃以上,为此测试了焚烧炉运行的主要可控参数对炉膛温度的影响。结果表明,垃圾堆放位置在垃圾池深3～8 m处,并经过6 d以上发酵脱水后适合焚烧;炉膛温度随给料量、一次风率和一次风温增加而增大,随过量空气系数增加而降低,其中给料量宜控制在95%～110%之间;当过量空气系数为1.6、一次风率为90%、一次风温为260℃、给料量为100%时炉膛温度达901℃。     

利用高炉水淬渣制作多孔吸声材料的研究

为了促进高炉炼铁水淬渣的二次利用,研究了以高炉炼铁水淬渣为原料,以硅微粉或水泥为粘结剂,采用压制成型方法制作的多孔吸声材料的吸声性能及力学性能。结果表明:用颗粒状的高炉炼铁水淬渣制作的多孔吸声材料具有良好的吸声性能,其平均吸声系数可以达到0.70以上;材料的抗压强度可以达到3.0 MPa以上。     

Estimation and characterization of PCDD/Fs and dioxin-like PCBs from Chinese iron foundries

The iron foundry industry is considered to be a potential source of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs). This study investigated the emission factors and total emission amounts of PCDD/Fs and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs) from iron foundries in China. The concentrations and the World Health Organization toxicity equivalents (WHO-TEQs) are presented and the congener profiles are discussed in this paper.In the present work, 26 fly ash samples were collected and tested to quantify the PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs generated by 14 plants of different scales, and five stack gas samples were collected from two (named as EFG and LFG) of those plants. The emission levels of PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs indicated that hot-air cupolas had lower emissions than cold-air cupolas. When iron ore lump and sinter were used as raw material, the emission factors were about 250 ng TEQ t⁻¹ of product. However, if the raw material was scrap, the emission factors varied owing to the different contents of organic materials in the raw materials. It was found that the mean WHO-TEQ values of PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs were 144 and 34.2 pg Nm⁻³ in stack gas and 20.0 and 1.58 pg g⁻¹ in fly ash. In multiple tests, it was estimated that the mean emission factors of PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs were 365 and 10.9 ng WHO-TEQ t⁻¹ released to residue and 2719 and 555 ng TEQ t⁻¹ released to air. The total emission amounts of PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs from Chinese iron foundries with cupola furnaces released to residue and air were 16.8 and 146 g WHO-TEQ in 2008, respectively.     

半干法烟气脱硫除尘多级功能处理装置技术与应用

文中介绍了一种炉窑烟气调质、烟气除尘、烟气脱硫在一个单体结构中的一体化装置和在烟气除尘脱硫技术上的应用,并对该脱硫除尘装置与传统的半干法烟气脱硫除尘装置进行了比较。     

高炉渣对Cd~(2+)的吸附性能

采用包头钢铁集团炼铁厂的高炉渣为吸附剂(粒径0.154 nm)对Cd2+进行吸附,运用SEM技术对吸附剂进行了表征,研究了初始Cd2+质量浓度、吸附剂加入量、吸附时间、吸附温度和废水pH对Cd2+去除率的影响,并探讨了吸附机理。表征结果显示:高炉渣吸附剂具有疏松多孔的特点,表面十分粗糙,比表面积较大。实验结果表明:当吸附温度为室温(28℃)、废水pH为7、初始Cd2+质量浓度为10 mg/L、吸附剂加入量为8 g/L、吸附时间为60 min时,Cd2+去除率达到98.55%;高炉渣对Cd2+的吸附符合拟二级动力学方程和Langmuir等温吸附模型,且吸附反应易发生。     

承德建龙3#高炉炉役后期安全生产特点

承德建龙3#高炉第1代炉役后期,炉身冷却壁大量损坏,炉缸部分冷却壁水温差超高,炉底、炉基温度达到安全警戒线,炉壳多处开裂变形,依靠外部打水维持生产的情况下,通过采取加强高炉操作,设备维护管理等技术措施,保证了高炉安全生产.     

原子吸收石墨炉技术测定水中痕量阴离子洗涤剂

本文研究了用乙二胺铜(Ⅱ)—氯仿作为络合—萃取体系,石墨炉原子吸收技术间接测定水中痕量阴离子洗涤剂的一种方法。其检出限为2.0ug/1,加标回收率为89.6%～104.5%。具有选择性好、灵敏度高、快速简便等特点。同时还研究了水样的酸度和共存离子对测定的影响。对于用原子吸收进行有机分析具有一定的实际意义。     

A research on dioxin generation from the industrial waste incineration

By using fluidized-bed furnace and rotary-kiln+stoker furnace and four different kinds of industrial wastes such as waste wood, coffee mill, waste oils and waste plastics, we have drawn the following conclusions:

(1) A relationship between H6CBz and DXN is acquired, which is DXN=0.34×H6CBz^1.1.

(2) The following means of emission reduction can be considered. (a) Reduction of DXN and Cl accumulation within the furnace, (b) control by the incinerated object, (c) control through the precursors of H6CBz, (d) improvement through operational control, (e) ammonia injection into the high-temperature zone of the furnace seems to be effective in reducing DXN and (f) DXN concentration is high with CO above 1800 ppm, though it decreases with CO below ≈10 ppm.     

全密闭电石炉尾气治理及综合利用

由于全密闭电石炉的尾气性质特殊，治理和综合利用存在一定的难度。本文总结了国内电石生产厂家的多种治理和利用方法，并根据国家产业政策的要求，提出了适合我国国情的电石炉烟气治理及综合利用方法。