融雪剂对大叶黄杨生长和生理特性的影响

为了研究融雪剂对道路绿化植物的影响,以大叶黄杨（Euonymus japonicus Thunb）为研究材料,研究了其在3种融雪剂（JLR-01、LBR-4、芦笛一号）不同施用量影响下的生长量和生理特性。结果表明：随着融雪剂LBR-4和芦笛一号的施用量的增大,大叶黄杨叶片的相对生长量和株高相对生长量、光合速率（Pn）、水分利用效率（WUE）、蒸腾速率（Tr）和气孔导度（Gs）随之减小,而低施用量的融雪剂JLR-01对大叶黄杨生长量、Pn、WUE和Tr有促进作用。随着融雪剂作用时间的延长,3种融雪剂的Pn和WUE也随之减小,Tr则是先减小后有所增大。当融雪剂施用量较小和胁迫时间较短时,Pn下降是因为气孔关闭;而当施用量较大和胁迫时间较长时,Pn下降是因为叶肉同化能力下降;3种融雪剂对大叶黄杨的胁迫程度由大到小的次序为：芦笛一号〉LBR-4〉JLR-01;大叶黄杨对3种融雪剂施用量的忍耐阈值在80 g.m-2左右,大叶黄杨对施用LBR-4和芦笛一号的耐受时间阈值大约为3周,对施用JLR-01的耐受时间阈值为3周以上。     

Summary of efficacy evaluations using aerially applied Gypchek® against gypsy moth in the U.S.A.

Abstract

Gypchek^®, the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) nucleopolyhedrosis virus product, is manufactured by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service, and Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service under controlled conditions in a laboratory strain of gypsy moth larvae. Gypchek was registered with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in 1978 as a general use pesticide to control gypsy moth. This product has been the subject of intense research and development targeted toward maximizing efficacy while minimizing the cost of production and application. The current Gypchek tank mix is applied at 1.25 × 10¹²occlusion bodies (OB's) per hectare for each of two applications (3‐days apart) at 18.7 litres/ha per application.     

不同螯合剂对花生富集污染土壤中Co的影响

采用模拟Co污染土壤的方法,分别投加2.5 mmol/kg、5.0mmol/kg、7.5 mmol/kg的EDDS、NTA、CA和OA,研究了其对花生生长与吸收土壤重金属Co,以及对土壤中Co的活化能力的影响.结果表明:整合剂处理使花生的生物量降低,在高浓度整合剂处理时,降幅最大;EDDS的添加比NTA、CA和OA更显著地增加了土壤Co的有效态质量比,同时明显提高了花生的富集系数和转运能力;在螯合剂处理下,花生的转运系数最高达到0.916,具备了修复土壤重金属污染的能力;根系和地上部富集Co能力最强时分别达到58.64 mg/kg和46.33mg/kg,是对照组的1.29和3.63倍;各处理花生根系中的Co质量比要高于茎叶中的质量比,花生植株Co质量比与土壤有效态Co质量比呈显著(p＜0.05)或极显著相关(p＜0.01);综合来看,螯合剂的投加能有效活化土壤溶液中的Co,促进植物吸收、转运重金属.     

煤矿采空区充填用煤矸石泡沫混凝土发泡剂的研究

为防止地表沉陷,煤矿采空区需要充填,目前采用的充填方法为胶结充填、高水速凝充填等.泡沫混凝土具有质轻、流动性好的特点,可作煤矿采空区的充填材料.制备低水泥用量、含粗颗粒煤矸石的泡沫混凝土对发泡剂的泡沫稳定性要求较高,目前市售的发泡剂难以满足要求.在探讨发泡剂发泡、稳泡原理的基础上,研究了稳泡剂(D)的加入量对发泡液黏度、发泡倍率和泡沫稳定性的影响,以D与十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)复配,研制出了高泡沫稳定性的发泡剂KD-1,该发泡剂的发泡倍率为21.3,开始泌水时间为7 min,90 min后沉降距为38 mm,并且考察了KD-1与混凝土早强剂的相容性.用此发泡剂制备出了最大粒径为5 mm、煤矸石掺量为63％(质量分数)、体积密度分别为800 kg/m3、900 kg/m3和1000 kg/m3的煤矸石泡沫混凝土,其90d单轴抗压强度分别为0.4 MPa、0.63 MPa和1.75 MPa.     

添加协效剂的灵石煤自燃阻化剂的研究

为了防止煤的自燃,采用双氧水氧化升温实验,对灵石肥煤在不同阻化剂下的阻化效果进行了研究。利用阻化时间变化率判定阻化效果。结果表明,添加氧化铝厂赤泥作为协效物质的协效阻化剂有效抑制了煤样的氧化升温,提高了阻化效果,阻化时间变化率达50.78%,为灵石肥煤最佳新型协效阻化剂。新型阻化剂原料廉价易得、反应条件温和、制备过程简单、环境友好,且实现了尾矿废渣的综合利用。     

Toxicity evaluation of 10 oil gelling agents北大核心CSCD

Oil gelling agents are widely used in emergency response of marine oil spills. However, the biological toxicity of oil gelling agents is not well understood. This research aimed to evaluate the environmental safety of oil gelling agents used for rapid removal and cleanup of marine oil spills. We used luminescent bacteria (Acinetobacter sp. Tox2 and Acinetobacter sp. RecA) combined with exposure experiment using marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma) juveniles to detect the acute toxicity and genotoxicity of 10 oil gelling agents. As a result, a certain level of acute toxicity was detected from the oil gelling agent FOA and GMN-01 (the toxicity equivalent to 0.067 mg/L and 0.084 mg/L of HgCl2, respectively), and a certain level of genotoxicity was detected from the oil gelling agent NORSOREX (the toxicity equivalent to 0.307 mg/L of MMC) by the luminescent bacteria test. However, no obvious acute toxicity or genotoxicity was detected from the above three oil gelling agents in fish-exposure experiments. Our results suggest that the 10 oil gelling agents have no obvious acute toxicity or genotoxicity to higher organisms (including marine medaka). The luminescent bacteria test is more sensitive in detecting biological toxicity of oil gelling agents. This study provides a reference for environmental safety evaluation of the oil gelling agents used in the cleaning up of the marine oil spills.     

城市污泥对不同质地土壤保水效果研究

利用城市污泥滞水性强的特性可开发污泥作为保水剂的新功能。通过土培实验,在砂土、壤土和粘土中加入不同质量的污泥,研究污泥对不同质地土壤的保水效果。结果表明:在充分供水条件下,添加污泥能显著提高3种质地土壤的持水能力,土壤中添加20%的污泥后,砂土、粘土和壤土初始含水率分别增加11.2%、8.7%和8.8%;在3种质地土壤中添加污泥均可增大土壤的保水性,使水分蒸发减慢,且污泥添加量越多,土壤含水率越大;土壤累积失水量主要受到土壤中含水量的影响,也和不同质地土壤自身的蒸发量有关;在150 g土壤中添加10 g污泥,对砂土保水性提高不大,对壤土保水性提高最大,随着添加污泥量的增多,污泥对砂土的保水效果提高最明显。研究表明:开发污泥做为保水剂是可行的,这为污泥的资源化利用提供了新的途径,也为复合保水剂的研制提供了新的廉价材料,对于污泥治理及农业节水都有重要意义。     

珠三角农用地土壤重金属污染治理修复研究实践与展望

利用改性膨润土材料稳定钝化修复重金属污染土壤技术对珠三角典型农用地土壤重金属Cd,Pb污染修复进行了研究与应用探讨。在对选择的典型污染工作区进行污染现状详细调查与评价的基础上,以钙基膨润土为基础材料,研制了18种改性膨润土修复材料,通过吸附解吸重金属实验筛选出7种吸附能力较强的改性材料;并通过盆栽模拟修复试验和污染场地示范修复试验,最终筛选出对Cd,Pb污染土壤有较好修复能力的修复材料,即巯基化改性膨润土及钠化胡敏酸改性膨润土。     

Properties of steel foundry electric arc furnace dust solidified/stabilized with Portland cement

Electric arc furnace dust from steel production is generated in considerable amounts worldwide and needs to be treated as hazardous waste. The aim of this study was to investigate the properties of electric arc furnace dust solidified/stabilized by using Portland cement. Mortar and paste samples were prepared with varying waste-to-binder ratios between 0% and 90%. A comprehensive experimental program was designed including XRF characterization, setting time, unconfined compressive strength, and toxicity characteristics leaching procedure (TCLP), synthetic precipitation leaching procedure (SPLP), and acid neutralization capacity (ANC) tests. The results were evaluated in order to determine if the solidified /stabilized product can be disposed of at a landfill site with domestic waste or at a segregated landfill. The effect of using sand on S/S performance was also investigated. The results indicated that the solidification /stabilization process using PC helps the heavy metals to be bound in the cement matrix, but the TCLP leaching results exceeded the EPA landfilling limits. The SPLP leaching results conformed to the limits implying that the waste or S/S products can be disposed of at a segregated landfill; however the low ANC of the S/S products reveals that there may be leaching in the long-term. The sand used in the mortar samples adversely affected the S/S performance, causing higher heavy metal leaching levels, and lower pH levels in the leachate after the TCLP extraction than those measured in the leachate of the paste samples.     

几种生物学指标与生物强化系统降解效率的关系

针对炼油废水生物强化处理系统中有时存在的不稳定造成排水超标的问题,研究了SBR反应器中采用生物强化技术,其细菌数量、脱氢酶、邻苯二酚1,2-双加氧酶(C12O)和邻苯二酚2,3-双加氧酶(C23O)等关键生物学指标与污染物去除效率的综合对应关系,并运用ERIC-PCR技术研究了运行前后处理系统内微生物群落的变化.结果表明,投加菌剂的生物强化处理系统提高了细菌数量和酶活,使处理效率明显提高.生物强化系统中细菌数量及C23O酶活与污染物去除效率呈正相关关系,且微生物群落结构十分稳定.C12O为一种诱导酶,其酶