SeaNine 211 as antifouling biocide: A coastal pollutant of emerging concern

SeaNine 211, with 4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (DCOIT) being the biocidal ingredient, is a widely-used antifouling agent to deter the undesirable biofouling phenomenon. It is commercially promoted as an environmentally acceptable antifoulant mainly due to its claimed rapid degradation in marine environment. However, increasing researches document varying degradative kinetics in different environments, proving that SeaNine 211 is actually not degraded equally fast around the world (half-life between < 1 day and 13.1 days). Large-scale application of SeaNine 211 in antifouling coatings has also caused global contamination of marine environment in various compartments. For example, accumulation of SeaNine 211 is detected as high as 3700 ng/L in Spanish seawater and 281 ng/g dry weight in Korean sediment. Considering that SeaNine 211 is highly toxic against non-target marine organisms, environmental risk assessment finds that most marine organisms are endangered by SeaNine 211 in worst-case scenario. Its endocrine disrupting and reproductive impairing effects at environmentally worst-case concentrations further constitute a long-term threat to the maintenance of population stability. Therefore, in the light of the varying degradability, environmental pollution and high toxicity, especially the endocrine disruption, SeaNine 211 as an antifouling agent is likely to cause non-negligible damages to the marine ecosystem. There is an urgency to perform a systematic ecological risk assessment of SeaNine 211 to prevent the potential impacts on the health of marine environment. A regular monitoring also becomes necessary to place the usage of antifouling biocides under control.     

深度处理工艺在重钢焦化废水处理中的应用

焦化废水处理中COD及色度问题一直是困扰焦化企业的关键问题,重钢焦化厂成功应用废水深度处理工艺解决了COD及色度的处理问题,确保了重钢新区焦化废水处理系统处理后指标全部达到国家一级排放标准.     

煤矿企业安全管理的代理成本影响因素及激励措施研究

为减少煤矿企业的代理成本,激励代理人的努力程度,从信息对称和信息不对称2个层面建立煤矿集团委托人和代理人之间的委托代理模型。并通过对2个模型的比较分析发现,代理成本的影响因素主要是由煤矿代理人的风险厌恶程度、事故发生的高度不确定性和努力的边际成本难以提高等3个因素决定的。从代理成本的3个影响因素角度出发,给出促进煤矿代理人努力开展安全管理的激励措施。     

泡沫灭火剂的发展与应用现状

对泡沫灭火剂的分类、灭火机理、各种灭火剂的优缺点和适用范围进行了归纳,介绍了泡沫灭火剂的研究进展和应用现状,并预测了发展方向。对于蛋白型泡沫灭火剂,由于它的环境友好性,应重新认识其重要性并进行深入的基础研究。对于水成膜泡沫灭火剂,介绍了《斯德哥尔摩公约》对全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）采取限制后可供选择的解决方案,例如着重发...     

The development of a digital terrain model for the geomorphological engineering of the ‘rolling’ foredune of Terschelling,the Netherlands

The foredunes form an important element of the line of defence which protects the low-lying parts of the Netherlands from the sea. The foredune of the eastern part of the Wadden island of Terschelling has been managed as a ‘rolling’ foredune to maximize the amount of sand available in times of emergency. Following a decision of the Dutch Government to maintain the coastline of 1990, this foredune will now be stabilized. A plan is made to reshape the morphology of the foredune according to a geomorphological design. A simulation model was developed to produce a Digital Terrain Model with the required geometrical information. The transformation which is on the macro-level scale can be achieved within the envisaged medium-scale planning period of five years only by applying earth-moving machinery, placing fences or planting sand-trapping vegetation.     

重金属和油处理剂对水稻根系的影响

试验了Ｎｉ、Ｚｎ、Ｍｎ、Ｓｎ、Ｃｒ和Ｃｕ等６种重金属及油处理剂对水稻根系的影响，结果表明．水中含Ｎｉ０．００７ｍｇ／１、Ｃｕ０．００５ｍｇ／１时，能阻碍根系的伸长；含Ｚｎ０．５ｍｇ／１以上时。不利于根系的伸长；水中含Ｍｎ２０ｍｇ／１，Ｓｎ、Ｃｒ￣（６－）各５ｍｇ／１时，对根系有明显危害；水中含Ｃｒ￣（２＋）＋Ｃｒ￣（６＋）时，当１种离子浓度保持不变，根系的抑制程度随着另１种离子浓度的增加而增大。水中含油处理剂１０００ｍｇ／１时，能抑制水稻发根。     

特殊环境下清障爆破方法研究

分析了地下军事设施战损抢修清障爆破的环境特点,在分析多种影响因素的基础上确定了高能燃烧剂爆破和聚能切割爆破2种清障方法,并介绍了各自的作用原理和基本设计。爆破试验结果表明,高能燃烧剂爆破和聚能切割爆破在地下军事设施战损抢修清障爆破中的应用是可行的。     

Fenton试剂处理活性艳红印染废水的实验研究

采用Fenton试剂对活性艳红印染废水进行了处理。通过正交实验考察了反应时间、反应温度、双氧水/硫酸亚铁摩尔比以及pH对印染废水的色度及COD去除率的影响,确定了Fenton试剂处理废水的最佳条件。结果表明,随着反应时间的延长,色度及COD去除率增大,最佳反应时间为20 min;色度及COD的去除率随着反应温度的升高而增大,最佳反应温度为50℃。色度及COD的去除率在双氧水(30%)的用量与硫酸亚铁用量之比为1:3.1时,去除效果最好;最佳pH值为4.5。出水达到排放标准。此法具有去除率高,设备简单,占地面小,操作方便,不产生二次污染等优点。     

膨化法制备固体聚合硫酸铁技术

以硫铁矿烧渣为原料,采用膨化技术制备得到固体聚合硫酸铁(SPFS).结果表明,在硫铁矿烧渣酸浸液中加入适量绿矾后进行加热,蒸发浓缩,当水分蒸发率为30.75%,反应温度为60℃,加入膨化剂氯酸钠,反应之后于60℃干燥12h即可得到SPFS.添加脱水明矾,干燥时间缩短为3h;;添加SPFS粉末,干燥时间缩短为4h.表面扫描电镜(SEM)实验结果表明,膨化法所得到的SPFS为片状、疏松体,加入脱水明矾和SPFS粉末,其SPFS片状体增大.XRD实验表明,SPFS化学式为Fe4.67(SO4)6(OH)·220H2O,加入添加剂脱水明矾和SPFS粉末,所得SPFS结构不变.与传统制备SPFS方法相比,膨化法制备SPFS具有干燥时间短、能耗低、设备简单、生产成本低等优点.     

化学发光法检测空气中NO_2研究

以0.2%的三乙醇胺水溶液作为二氧化氮吸收液,将空气中二氧化氮转化为亚硝酸盐,进而测出空气中二氧化氮的浓度。通过实验发现,进样方式、载流速度、硫酸浓度、溴酸钾浓度和酸性铬蓝K的浓度对该体系的发光强度都有影响,确定了体系的最优条件,建立了标准曲线,亚硝酸根的浓度在6.0×10-9～1.0×10-5mol/L范围内分段有很好的线性关系,检出限为8.5×10-11mol/L。对1.0×10-8mol/L和1.0×10-6mol/L的亚硝酸根进行11次平行测定,相对标准偏差分别为1.8%和2.2%。用该方法对氧化剂实验室空气中的二氧化氮含量进行了检测并进行标准加入和回收实验,回收率在95%～104%之间,该法可用于大气环境中的NO2测定。