Remediation of NAPL below the water table by steam-induced heat conduction

Previous experimental studies have shown that NAPL will be removed when it is contacted by steam. However, in full-scale operations, steam may not contact the NAPL directly and this is the situation addressed in this study. A two-dimensional intermediate scale sand box experiment was performed where an organic contaminant was emplaced below the water table at the interface between a coarse and a fine sand layer. Steam was injected above the water table and after an initial heating period the contaminant was recovered at the outlet. The experiment was successfully modeled using the numerical code T2VOC and the dominant removal mechanism was identified to be heat conduction induced boiling of the separate phase contaminant. Subsequent numerical modeling showed that this mechanism was insensitive to the porous medium properties and that it could be evaluated by considering only one-dimensional heat conduction.     

老化石油污染土壤的清洗处理

以华北油田老化长达1年以上的石油污染土壤为研究对象,采用自行选配的清洗剂对该污染土壤进行了一次清洗和二次清洗处理.实验结果表明,一次清洗后,污染土壤样品的含油率从26.34%～29.90%降到6.34%～7.84%,洗油率达80.06%～81.06%;经二次清洗处理后,污染土壤样品的含油率从26.34%～29.90%降到4.05%～4.85%,洗油率达88.06%～88.19%.在一次清洗和二次清洗的基础上,通过模拟实验确定了洗油污水回用的最佳回用率为80%,最佳加药质量浓度为0.4 g/L,该条件下污水的最终产生量也较少.按照该参数对华北油田的石油污染土壤进行了清洗实验,洗油率达79.20%～80.51%.     

Green liquor dregs as an alternative neutralizing agent at a pulp mill

Green liquor dregs is the biggest waste fraction at sulphate pulp mills. It is commonly landfilled. Here we demonstrate that the utilization of green liquor dregs as a neutralizing agent for acidic wastewaters is a potential alternative and an environmentally friendly method in contrast to its landfill disposal. The liming effect value of 39.6% for green liquor dregs, expressed as Ca equivalent, is similar to the liming effect value of 38% of a commercial limestone product. In addition, the pH value of 10.7 indicates a strong liming effect.     

Developments in dutch coastline management: Conclusions from the second governmental coastal report

In 1990 the Dutch government decided to stop any further long-term landward retreat of the coastline. This policy choice for a ‘dynamic preservation’ is primarily aimed at safety against flooding and at sustainable preservation of the values and interests concerning the dunes and beaches. Five years later, a first overview of the benefits and bottlenecks of the new coastal defence policy could be presented, which was published in the second governmental coastal report ‘Kustbalans 1995’ (coastal balance 1995). This consists of three elements: (1) evaluation of the implementation of ‘dynamic preservation’, (2) the consequences of several natural and anthropogenic developments in the coastal zone and (3) integrated coastal zone management. The present report describes experiences of Dutch coastline management and summarizes the main conclusions of the second governmental report. The overall conclusion of the evaluation study is that the 1990 choice for ‘dynamic preservation’ was right. Sand supply is an effective method of coastline maintenance, which also serves functional uses in the beach and dune area. However, nearly a doubling of the supply volume is necessary to compensate for sand losses in the coastal zone. A more integrated management of the coastal zone is necessary to find an equilibrium between the interests of socio-economic development and the maintenance of a natural, dynamic system.     

秸秆干发酵沼气增产研究

研究了复合菌剂预处理秸秆和添加沼气发酵促进剂对秸秆干发酵的影响.结果表明,秸秆经菌剂预处理后的产气量比不加菌剂预处理(对照)提高29.54%;在菌剂预处理过的秸秆中加入促进剂,其产气量比对照提高35.28%,比单纯菌剂预处理提高4.43%.另外,菌剂预处理过的秸秆的TOC降解率和纤维素降解率分别比对照高136.32%和47.68%;秸秆经菌剂预处理后再添加促进剂的TOC降解率、纤维素降解率分别比对照高169.58%和49.62%,比单纯菌剂预处理高14.07%和3.36%.图2表1参8     

保水剂对番茄生长及水分利用效率的影响

在砂与木屑复合基质中加入不同用量的保水剂,测定基质物理性状,并进行不同水分处理条件下番茄盆栽试验,以研究保水剂对番茄生长及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明:在每1 L基质分别加入1、2、4、8 g保水剂时,与对照(未加保水剂)相比,基质持水量分别增加16.35%、34.00%、61.29%和135.16%,容重分别降低3.61%、5.37%、9.42%和14.64%;在水分耗竭试验中,番茄萎蔫天数分别延长13.92%、22.79%、31.65%和45.5%,干物质量分别增加7.90%、21.60%、57.08%、179.50%,株高、叶片数、茎粗、鲜质量也都随保水剂用量的增加而明显增加;在基质相对水分质量分数分别为55%、70%、85%及100%4种处理下的番茄水分胁迫试验中,每1 L基质施用2 g保水剂时,与对照(未加保水剂)相比,水分利用效率分别提高29.93%、28.06%、14.36%、7.42%,株高、生物量也随水分胁迫程度加重而明显提高。     

土壤中镉铜复合污染对水稻生长效应影响

本文通过盆栽试验研究土壤中镉铜复合污染对水稻生长效应的影响,并探讨了有效态铜、镉的提取剂。结果表明,2.5％醋酸可作为酸性水稻土有效态铜、镉的提取剂,土壤含镉5mg/kg对铜的水稻产量效应未有影响,但糙米含镉量超标。     

用废弃聚苯乙烯制瓦楞纸板防潮剂的研究

本文论述了用废弃聚苯乙烯生产瓦楞纸板防潮剂的原理。着重介绍了利用溶解度参数如何选择溶剂，利用乳化剂与聚苯乙烯的亲合力ＨＬＢ值的范围与应用性质的关系如何选择乳化剂，介绍了增塑剂对防潮剂性能的影响。并简述了防潮剂的配方、生产工艺及其应用。     

粉煤灰开发应用新途径

简要介绍粉煤灰在综合利用方面的新用途。提出了把粉煤灰中的有效成分以及提取后的灰渣，进行综合开发及应用于生产的问题。     

破乳剂处理奥里油船舶压载水的试验

采用１０种破乳剂对奥里油船舶压载水的破乳效果进行了比较，结果表明，用ＳＨ－ＣＮ破乳剂处理奥里油船舶压载水，处理效果较好。