钻井废弃泥浆固化处理工艺的研究与应用

油田钻井废弃泥浆固化处理技术是处理废泥浆的一种重要工艺方法,选择一种高效、经济的泥浆固化剂和固化处理工艺对于降低钻井废弃泥浆周边环境的污染和土地的复耕有着重要的意义.笔者对复合废弃泥浆固化剂的性能及其固化处理工艺研究做了阐述.     

聚乙烯醇系水面溢油凝油剂的制备与性能

聚乙烯酸与氯乙酸在一定比例的乙醇-碱水溶剂中部分羧甲基醚化,再在低温碱性水溶液中,用高级脂肪酰氯部分酯化,合成羧甲基聚乙烯醇脂肪酸酯．进一步与铝盐作用,制备水面浇油换油剂．实验结果表明,该凝油剂对燃料油及原油的凝油速度快、凝油彻底,凝油块可用丝网捞出,水面无油花遗留．进一步研究表明,凝油剂的凝油性能与聚乙烯醇的羧甲基取代度和酯化度有关,与脂肪酸的链长有关．     

生物强化技术及其在废水治理中的应用

介绍了生物强化技术在废水治理中的应用现状,评价了生物强化作用的效果,并对生物强化机理、生物强化剂的优化选择、反应动力学、系统的优化设计等方面进行了讨论。生物强化技术是一种生物治理废水的高效技术,在废水治理中具有广阔的应用前景。      

某炼钢厂净、浊循环系统水质稳定配方相互影响的研究

通过对照实验,研究了净循环系统中A系列药剂缓蚀、阻垢的效果,以及循环系统中加入A、B两系列药剂对缓蚀、阻垢的影响,说明了在B系列药剂存在的循环系统中加入A系列药剂,其缓蚀、阻垢效果基本上不产生相互影响.     

促脱剂协同传统吹脱法处理高氨氮工业废水

在中试吹脱装置上,通过投加低浓度促脱剂协同传统吹脱法处理高氨氮工业废水(氨氮质量浓度2 369～3 600 mg/L)。结果表明:在相同处理条件下,阴离子促脱剂的氨氮去除效果优于阳离子促脱剂,且促脱剂的碳数越高越有利于氨氮的去除;废水处理的最佳工艺条件为废水pH 12.0、废水温度50℃、吹脱时间5 h、促脱剂投加量25 mg/L、气液比600∶1;该条件下,以木质素磺酸钠为促脱剂协同吹脱法处理高氨氮废水,氨氮去除率可达99%以上,高于传统吹脱法20个百分点以上。     

等高固氮植物篱中套种桑树的桑叶产量及生物产量

对套种在等高固氮植物篱中的桑树（植物篱桑）和地埂桑全年的桑叶产量和生物产量、树势、桑叶营养成分等进行了研究,结果表明,植物篱桑各季的桑叶产量和单叶面积分别比地埂桑高114．3％－180．6％、7．8％－56．6％;全年株总片叶量、株冬条重、株枝叶总量分别比地埂桑高157．0％、294．3％、186．6％;单叶重除晚秋桑比地埂桑高4．1％外,其它各季高27．6％－66．5％;植物篱桑的树势极显著优于地埂桑,其有效条数、平均有效条长、平均粗和平均每m条着叶的数分别比地埂桑高84．8％、29．5％、39．0％、15．5％;植物篱桑下的土壤有机质和全氮含量高于地埂桑;二者桑叶的营养成分高低则相差不大。表5参16。     

不同来源重金属污染的土壤对水稻的影响

采用人工污染土壤、尾矿砂、污泥等不同载体的污染源来模拟土壤污染 ,研究其对水稻生长、吸收养分和吸收重金属的影响。结果表明 ,不同污染载体对水稻生长的影响不同 ,其影响的大小顺序为人工污染土壤 >尾矿砂 >污泥 >尾矿砂 +污泥。不同污染载体对水稻吸收重金属的影响亦不同 ,以纯化学试剂的形式添加到土壤中的重金属最易被提取出来 ,植物从中吸收的Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd最多 ,而从以污泥为污染载体的土壤中吸收的Zn、Pb、Cd最少。研究表明 ,用添加纯化学试剂的方法来模拟污染土壤对生态与环境的影响是可行的 ,确定土壤负载容量是安全的 ,因为在实验条件下它对供试植物的影响最明显     

Application of a multi-step computation scheme to an intratidal estuarine water quality model

A computation scheme, which involves multi-step computation of the decoupled mass-balance equations in water quality models, was proposed by Park and Kuo (1996. Water Res. 30, 2255–2264). Using a simple hypothetical model, they explained the concept and demonstrated the accuracy and computational efficiency of the multi-step scheme. This paper describes the concept and the implementation of the multi-step computation scheme in a more generalized format for both intratidal and intertidal estuarine water quality models. The scheme is applied to a prototype estuary using a laterally-integrated two-dimensional intratidal model. The computational efficiency of the scheme is demonstrated by comparing the model results using the multi-step scheme with those using the traditional single-step explicit numerical solution of the kinetic processes.     

尿素法ADC发泡剂清洁生产评价指标体系

采用层次分析法建立了由总到分的递阶层次结构模型评价指标体系,以ADC发泡剂(偶氮二甲酰胺)生产先进企业的数据为基础,确定了各指标的基准值及权重,建立了ADC发泡剂清洁生产评价体系,介绍了定量评价指标和定性评价指标的考核评分计算方法以及企业清洁生产综合评价指数的计算方法.     

Forecasting Resilience in Arctic Societies: Creating Tools for Assessing Social–Hydrological Systems1

Altaweel, Mark R., Lilian N. Alessa, and Andrew D. Kliskey, 2009. Forecasting Resilience in Arctic Societies: Creating Tools for Assessing Social–Hydrological Systems. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 45(6):1379‐1389. Abstract: Arctic communities are increasingly faced with social–ecological changes that act at variable speeds and spatial scales. Such changes will affect vital resources, particularly water supplies. Currently, there are few computational tools that integrate multiple social and environmental processes in order to aid communities’ adaptation to change through decision support systems. This paper proposes a modeling and simulation approach that can integrate such processes at different spatiotemporal scales in order to address issues affecting community water supplies. In this paper, a modeling and simulation tool is developed and applied to a case study on the Seward Peninsula. Initial results, using both field observations and computation, show projected patterns of water use, perceptions of water availability, and long‐term consumption trends. More broadly, the paper demonstrates the need for developing tools that address issues at the community level for better understanding human and hydrological interactions and policy decisions affecting water supplies.