方解石基组配钝化剂与低积累玉米协同修复效果

针对典型北方碱性镉和铅复合污染农田土壤,开展土壤钝化与低积累农作物协同修复田间试验,以方解石作为主量钝化材料,分别复配少量熟石灰、沸石粉和生物炭形成组配钝化剂.研究在CL(方解石+熟石灰)、CZ(方解石+沸石)、CB(方解石+生物炭)和CLZB(方解石+熟石灰+沸石+生物炭)不同组配条件下,对土壤理化性质、重金属Cd和...     

湿式氧化法气体脱硫的现状与趋势

液相氧化法脱除H2S具有脱硫效率高，可将H2S一步转化为硫元素，大多数脱硫剂可以再生等特点，目前研究过的液相氧化法有百余种，其中有工业价值的20余种。文中介绍了几种典型的液相脱硫工艺：砷基工艺点基工艺和铁基工艺的化学反应原理及发展趋势。     

UV/TiO2-Fenton试剂系统处理制药废水的研究

以TiO2为催化剂，并将其制膜固定在不锈钢质反应器内上，以9W低压汞灯为光源，引入Fenton试剂，对武汉市某制工厂制药废水进行了处理实验。取得了脱色率100％，CODCr去除率92.3％的效果。硝基苯类化合物含量从8.05mg/L降至0.41mg/L。还探讨 了多种因素对光降解的影响。     

原位生物修复提高多环芳烃污染土壤农用安全性

为了减少多环芳烃(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,PAHs)在作物体内的富集,降低食源性PAHs对人类的潜在风险,提高PAHs污染土壤的农用安全性,在受到PAHs污染的麦田中施用类球红细菌(Rhodobacter sphaeroide)菌剂(RS)进行原位修复.以叶面喷施(B)和根部喷施(D)50倍稀释的RS两种方式处理,以喷施等量清水的处理为对照(A),不做任何处理的麦田为空白(CK),从小麦苗期开始处理,到小麦成熟期测定了土壤和小麦籽粒中PAHs含量以及根际土壤微生物群落结构的变化,探讨了施用RS对PAHs污染土壤的强化修复作用.结果表明,施加RS的B区、D区与空白(CK)区相比,标识土壤微生物的磷脂脂肪酸(PLFAs)种类均有29.6%变异率;土壤PAHs的去除率分别提高了1.59倍和1.68倍;富集因子分别降低了58.9%和62.2%;50穗小麦籽粒的干重分别提高了8.95%和12.5%.RS的施用改变了土壤微生物群落结构,活化了土壤微生物的代谢活性,从而加快了土壤PAHs的降解;同时,RS的施用也降低了PAHs在小麦籽粒的富集量,提高了小麦的产量,显示出RS在提高PAHs污染土壤的农用安全性方面具有应用潜力.     

造纸黑液中木质素的提取和用作橡胶补强剂的研究

提出从碱法制备浆黑液中提取适合于用作橡胶补强剂的木质素的工艺路线,对３种沉淀剂作了比较,筛选出了化学改性剂,对木质素的含水率与其颗粒表面性质的关系作了研究,按此工艺制备的木质素可与硬碳黑并用,用作一般橡胶制品的补强剂。     

螯合剂和生物表面活性剂对 Cu、Pb污染塿土的淋洗修复

螯合剂和生物表面活性剂由于其具有较强的螯合、增溶等特征而被广泛用于土壤中重金属、有机物污染的修复,为探明其对石灰性土壤中重金属污染的修复效果,选用螯合剂乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)和柠檬酸(CIT)以及生物表面活性剂二鼠李糖脂(RL2)作为淋洗剂,采用批实验和柱实验方法,研究了3种淋洗剂以及生物表面活性剂与螯合剂复合对塿土中Cu、Pb的淋洗修复效果.结果表明,不同淋洗剂对塿土中Cu、Pb的淋洗百分率大小表现为EDTA>CIT>RL2,在淋洗剂浓度为0.02mol.L-1时,3种淋洗剂淋洗Cu的百分率分别为62.74%(EDTA)、52.28%(CIT)和15.35%(RL2),淋洗Pb的百分率分别为96.10%(EDTA)、23.08%(CIT)和14.42%(RL2).当RL2浓度在100 CMC时,其对EDTA、CIT淋洗Cu具有协同增溶作用;而当RL2浓度在200 CMC时,对EDTA和CIT淋洗Cu表现为拮抗作用.RL2与EDTA复合对Pb的淋洗影响类似于对Cu的影响;而RL2的存在抑制了CIT对Pb的淋洗作用.EDTA、CIT能有效去除污染塿土中交换态、吸附态、碳酸盐结合态和有机结合态的Cu、Pb;RL2可以去除塿土中交换态、吸附态结合的Cu、Pb.     

螯合剂修复重金属污染土壤联合技术研究进展

螯合剂作为螯合剂被广泛应用到土壤修复中，但存在修复效率不高及二次污染的问题.为提高螯合剂对土壤重金属污染的修复效率，多种螯合剂联合技术被研究.相比单一螯合剂修复技术，联合修复技术可显著提高重金属污染土壤的修复效率.分析了螯合剂联合修复技术（螯合剂与电动修复技术、螯合剂与植物修复技术、螯合剂与淋洗剂修复技术）及新型联合修复技术（螯合剂与可渗透反应格栅联合技术、螯合剂与超声波联合技术及螯合剂与真菌联合技术），并阐述了各技术的修复原理及影响因素.结果表明，联合修复技术能够有效活化土壤中的重金属，提高修复效率，具有良好的发展前景，但在实际推广应用中仍面临一些挑战:①联合修复过程中影响因素较多，主要包括螯合剂添加方式、土壤酸碱性、复配浓度及淋洗时间等.②联合技术与土壤组分及污染物发生了一系列的物化反应，对重金属的活化与重金属形态之间的机理反应还需进一步明确.③螯合剂的添加可能会增大对植物的毒害效应及重金属向地下渗滤的风险，造成二次污染.④新型联合修复技术目前只应用于实验室内.为使螯合剂充分发挥其最大的实用性，建议未来在以下几方面开展深入研究:进一步开展联合技术的微观机理研究；加大对螯合剂与其他技术的联合修复技术的研究，寻求联合技术的最佳耦合点；研发可生物降解的螯合剂；寻找更加经济有效的方法回收螯合剂.      

Reclamation treatment of the chrome leather scrap

A novel method to extract protein and Cr(III) from the chrome leather scrap discarded by leather industry is described.Chrome leather scarp was hydrolyzed under basic condition to remove chromium compound and extract protein. The extracted protein was mixed with substrate and used as feed protein after being dried and ground. The basic residue was treated with sulfuric acid to obtain chrome(III) sulfate which can be used as tanning agent again after adjusting pH with base. The acidic residue was processed and used as flower fertilizer. The safety of the protein powder produced has been by toxicology and nutriology test. This reclamation method has been industrialized.     

Vegetation succession and lichen diversity on dry coastal calcium-poor dunes and the impact of management experiments

The negative impact of grass and moss encroachment on the botanical diversity of West European coastal dunes attracted increasing attention in the 1990s. This paper focuses on moss encroachment during primary succession in the xeroseries. Until the mid-1970s, vegetation types rich in species of the lichen generaCladonia andCladina were found on the fixed,Corynephorus canescens-dominated, so-called grey dunes all over the island of Terschelling, The Netherlands. In addition, species ofHypogymnia, Parmelia andUsnea, which usually grow on trees, occurred here terrestrially on moss carpets or bare sand. These vegetation types are still present on the Noordsvaarder, a nature reserve in the western part of the island. They occur on parts of seven dune ridges parallel to the coast and form a chronosequence in which age increases with distance from the sea. Our study found the highest lichen diversity on the second and third dune ridges in a stage of primary succession that can be assigned to theViolo-Corynephoretum. The changes from lichen-rich to moss-dominated stadia were significantly related to soil development and acidification in connection with the ageing of the dune soil. The superficial cutting of sods in moss-encroached vegetation appeared to be unsuccessful as a management technique for restoring the biodiversity of cryptogams. Our findings suggest that the best option for maintaining lichen vegetation in theViolo-Corynephoretum is the blow-in of sand with a subneutral or neutral pH from reactivated and natural blowouts or from foredunes, with increasing lime content respectively.     

新型复合混凝脱色剂处理印染废水试验研究

针对某印染厂生产废水,以COD和色度为指标,用混凝试验方法研究了新型复合混凝脱色剂SE对印染废水的处理效果,并探讨了SE投加量及pH值、沉淀时间、搅拌强度对其混凝效果的影响,利用SE与 PAC 和PFS进行了对比试验.结果表明,SE可有效地去除印染废水中的COD和色度,当pH为8～10、沉淀时间为30 min、搅拌强度为75 r/min、投药量为155 mg/L时,去除效果最佳,COD和色度的去除率最高可达83%、94%;相对于PAC 和PFS,SE产生的絮体大而密实,沉降速度快,产生污泥量少,药剂用量少,最佳出水水质为：COD为139 mg/L,色度为37.证明SE是印染废水处理高效实用的复合型混凝剂.