HW型高分子捕集剂处理含铅铜废水

采用聚丙烯酰胺、NH：OH·HCI和NaOH反应合成了HW型高分子捕集剂（简称捕集剂）,考察了捕集剂对Ph^2＋,Cu^2＋质量浓度分别为100mg／L的废水的处理效果。研究结果表明：在含Ph^2＋废水pH为6．5～7．0、n（捕集剂）：n（Pb^2＋）：1．6、反应时间为50min的最佳条件下,Ph^2＋去除率达100．00％;在含Cu^2＋废水pH为5．5～6．0、n（捕集剂）：n（Cu^2＋）=1．0、反应时间为60min的最佳条件下,Cu^2＋去除率达99．73％。对Ph^2＋,Cu^2＋质量浓度分别为50mg／L的混合废水,n（捕集剂）：n（Pb^2＋＋Cu^2＋）=1．2时,对Ph^2＋,Cu^2＋的去除率均达到99％以上。捕集剂去除pb^2＋,Cu^2＋的机理为羟肟酸基团与Ph^2＋,Cu^2＋反应生成稳定的螯合物。与中和法沉淀物相比,捕集剂与Ph^2＋,Cu^2＋反应生成的螯合物的Ph^2＋,Cu^2＋浸出量小,具有更好的环境安全性。     

城市垃圾焚烧飞灰中Cu、Zn的去除研究

文章研究了城市垃圾焚烧飞灰中Cu、Zn的含量、形态分布及几种螯合剂、天然有机酸及其钠盐和无机酸对其中Cu、Zn的去除能力。结果表明:飞灰中Cu、Zn含量很高,主要以残渣态存在;供试螯合剂和天然有机酸及其钠盐对Cu、Zn的去除效果以DTPA最好;EDTA-Na2与天然有机酸复合可提高去除效果,而与其钠盐复合后对Cu的去除效果变化不大,对Zn的去除略有降低;DTPA与天然有机酸及其钠盐复合后而对Cu的去除变化较大,对Zn的去除变化很小;高浓度酸对Cu、Zn的去除能力较低浓度酸强。     

镀锌钢板废料中锌的碱浸过程影响因素分析

以强碱(NaOH)溶液为浸取剂,采用碱浸法回收镀锌钢板废料中的锌,考察了不同因素(反应温度、反应时间、碱浓度、添加剂)对锌浸出效果的影响,并对添加剂的作用机理进行了分析。实验结果表明:在NaOH质量浓度为250 g/L、反应温度为90℃、反应时间为300 min的最佳工艺条件下,锌的浸出率高达97.89%;添加NaNO_3可提高锌在碱液中的腐蚀电位和腐蚀电流,从而加快镀锌钢板废料中锌的溶解,缩短反应时间;添加KMnO_4对反应速率基本无影响。     

Evaluation of nutrient limitation in aquatic ecosystems with nitrogen fixing bacteria

There has always been a great need for simple and accurate bioassays for evaluating nutrient limitation in aquatic ecosystems. Whereas organic carbon is usually considered to be the limiting nutrient for microbial growth in many aquatic ecosystems, there are, however, many water sources that are limited by phosphorus or nitrogen. A method named ＂nitrogen fixing bacterial growth potential＂ （NFBGP） test, which is based on pre-culturing of autochthonous （target） microorganisms was described. The method was applied to evaluate phosphorus or nitrogen nutrient limitation in lake and sewage water samples using an isolate of the nitrogen fixing bacterium, Azorhizobium sp. WS6. The results corresponded well to those from the traditional algal growth potential （AGP） test and the bacterial regrowth potential （BRP） test, suggesting that the NFBGP test is a useful supplementary method for evaluating the limiting nutrient, especially phosphorus, in an aquatic environment.     

新方法在挥发酚测定中的探讨

新型显色剂2-对氨基苯基-2'-羟基二乙胺与水中挥发酚在碱性条件下,经铁氰化钾作用发生反应,反应产物用乙酸丁酯萃取后在可见紫外分光光度计600 nm波长下比色定量。该方法测定挥发酚在0.001 mg/L~0.100 mg/L范围内线性良好,方法检出限为0.000 8 mg/L,加标回收率为100%。用该方法与4-氨基安替吡啉三氯甲烷萃取分光光度法同时测定实际水样,结果无显著差异。     

The Effects of a Dredge Excavation Pit on Benthic Macrofauna in Offshore Louisiana

Over two years after the original creation of a sand excavation pit 8 km off the Louisiana coast, benthic macrofauna communities and sedimentary characteristics are still effected. Macrofaunal communities inside the pit had lower abundance, biomass, and diversity than communities outside the pit. This difference, however, was only significant with some of the stations outside the pit. Results from multi-dimensional scaling and cluster analysis showed that macrofaunal communities were less than 32% similar inside the pit to communities outside the pit. The polychaete Mediomastus ambiseta was the most abundant species outside the excavation pit, but the species was only counted once inside the pit. The most dominant species, which made up over 90% of organisms inside the pit, was the pioneer polychaete Paraprionospio pinnata. Only three species were found at each station inside the pit as opposed to 9–27 species at stations outside the pit. All species inside the pit were also found outside the pit; thus, change was due to a loss of species rather than replacement by different species. Sediment inside the pit contained more silt and clay; however, no difference in water quality was detected compared with outside the pit. Hurricanes Katrina and Rita passed near the dredge pit in 2005 and could have effected sediment transport in the region. Because the macrofaunal community inside the pit has not recovered within 38 months, it is likely that it will require more time before it resembles the surrounding conditions.     

用电石渣浆制备烟气脱硫剂

采用电石渣浆经处理后配制成的电石渣试样作为脱硫剂,对除尘后锅炉烟气进行脱硫实验,在烟气巾s与c质量比约为1：30、吸收体系pH为7～8、温度为15℃的条件下,平均脱硫率达96．35％。采用电石渣浆上层清液作脱硫剂对锅炉烟气进行脱硫的工业试验,在烟气流速为2．8～4．2m／s、脱硫塔内nCa：n5=1．2：1、体系pH为7～8的条件下,平均脱硫率达90．66％,且脱硫塔出气口处SO2质量浓度明显低于GB13271-2001《锅炉大气污染物排放标准》。     

沥青再生剂的研究选择

为了节约能源,保护环境,变废为宝,在此结合沈阳 大连等高速公路路面维修工程,选取废旧沥青混合料,抽提回收出旧沥青。运用 4组分分析方法选择出较适合沥青再生的几种再生剂,用正交设计对再生剂组合优良加以评价,并用数学回归模型对再生剂含量进行优化。通过实验验证,再生剂A和再生剂C以 1∶1的比例混合出的复合再生剂是比较好的,再生剂含量在 7%～ 8%范围内再生的沥青性能指标完全满足技术要求     

一种新型高温脱氯剂的基础性研究

以价廉易得的天然矿物及碱为化学活性组分 ,制得一种新型高温脱氯剂GH1。该脱氯剂在 6 5 0℃、空速2 5 0 0h- 1 和进口HCl气体体积浓度 1 80 0mg m3条件下的穿透氯容量达到 37 2 % ,同时机械强度合格。实验还考察了主要成分配比、空速和温度对脱氯性能的影响 ,并对床层氯分布进行了数学模拟