黄河水体沉积物对邻苯二甲酸二甲酯的吸附

为探讨黄河水体沉积物对邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)的吸附能力，用批量平衡法研究了沉积物与DMP的吸附作用。结果表明吸附等温线符合Freundlich方程，通过回归分析，分别得出20℃和15℃DMP在黄河水中的等温方程Cs=0．3488×Ceq0.7799和Cs=0．3354×Ceq0.7849。因指数项常数小于1，说明沉积物对DMP的吸附不随溶液中DMP的浓度成正比例增加。黄河水体沉积物对DMP有一定的净化能力。     

国外城市垃圾焚烧排放物标准比较

本文综述了国外几个发达国家及公司在城市垃圾焚烧技术中污染物排放的一些标准，可以为国内在设计城市垃圾处理厂及垃圾焚烧炉时提供有益的借鉴。     

底泥耗氧速率的测定方法比较

在对实验室法和现场法测定底泥耗氧速度（SOD）的步骤和操作参数综述中，对于实验室测定法。从底泥采样，测定容器，实验底泥厚度，上覆水，测定培养条件，溶解氧测定方法，溶解氧测定时间和测定间隔，空白样的测定以及SOD的计算等方面作了介绍；对于现场测定法，从测定容器，测定水力条件，溶解氧测定方法，空白水样的测定，溶解氧测定时间和测定间隔，SOD的计算方法等方面作了介绍，最后在原理，技术和费用上对以上2种方法加以比较。     

石油污染土壤生物修复

概述了石油降解微生物的种群组成，介绍了几种主要的石油污染土壤的生物修复技术以及这一领域的研究现状，讨论了应用前景。     

京津冀化工场地地下水污染修复治理对策研究

京津冀化工场地地下水污染问题突出,严重威胁当地饮水安全和可持续发展,亟待开展修复治理.针对京津冀化工场地地下水污染现状,分析了化工场地地下水污染修复面临的挑战,提出了分区分级的修复治理对策.结果表明:①针对可能存在NAPL(非水相液体污染物)的高风险污染源区,采取高强度修复措施,以实现污染物总量的快速削减;②针对中度污染区,采取单位能耗强度更低的长效修复措施,降低修复成本和二次污染风险;③针对低风险的轻度污染区,采取风险管控措施.结合对典型化工场地地下水污染修复技术的分析,提出的分区分级修复治理对策具有以下特点:①多技术耦合,形成互补效应,可提高修复效率;②节约修复成本,降低二次环境影响;③体现基于风险的原则,避免过度修复.      

Effect of intermittent aeration mode on nitrogen concentration in the water column and sediment pore water of aquaculture ponds

Nitrogen in pond sediments is a major water quality concern and can impact the productivity of aquaculture. Dissolved oxygen is an important factor for improving water quality and boosting fish growth in aquaculture ponds, and plays an important role in the conversion of ammonium-nitrogen (NH₄⁺-N) to nitrite-nitrogen (NO₂^?-N) and eventually nitrate-nitrogen (NO₃^?-N). A central goal of the study was to identify the best aeration method and strategy for improving water quality in aquaculture ponds. We conducted an experiment with six tanks, each with a different aeration mode to simulate the behavior of aquaculture ponds. The results show that a 36 hr aeration interval (T_c = 36 hr: 36 hr) and no aeration resulted in high concentrations of NH₄⁺-N in the water column. Using a 12 hr interval time (T_c = 12 hr: 12 hr) resulted in higher NO₂^?-N and NO₃^?-N concentrations than any other aeration mode. Results from an 8 hr interval time (T_c = 8 hr: 8 hr) and 24 hr interval time (T_c = 24 hr: 24 hr) were comparable with those of continuous aeration, and had the benefit of being in use for only half of the time, consequently reducing energy consumption.     

Natural and anthropogenic sources of lead, zinc, and nickel in sediments of Lake Izabal, Guatemala

Sediments in Lake Izabal, Guatemala, contain substantial lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), and nickel (Ni). The lack of historical data for heavy metal concentrations in the sediments makes it difficult to determine the sources or evaluate whether inputs of metals to the lake have changed through time. We measured the relative abundances and concentrations of Pb, Zn, and Ni by X-Ray Fluorescence core scanning and by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry in three sediment cores to explore stratigraphic distributions of metals in the lake deposits. High amounts of Pb and Zn in the core taken near the Polochic Delta suggest that galena and sphalerite mining increased Pb and Zn delivery to Lake Izabal between ~1945 and 1965 CE. An up-core Ni increase in the core taken near a different mine on the north shore of Lake Izabal suggests that recent nickel mining operations led to an increase in Ni concentrations in the local sediments, but amounts in the other cores indicate that Ni is not widely distributed throughout the lake. Sediment cores from Lake Izabal are reliable recorders of heavy metal input to the lake, and were measured to establish background metal levels, which would otherwise be unavailable. Concentrations of Pb, Zn, and Ni in older, pre-20th-century Lake Izabal sediments reflect input from natural erosion of bedrock. Our results provide previously unavailable estimates of background metal concentrations in Lake Izabal before the onset of mining. These results are necessary for future monitoring related to mining contamination of the lake ecosystem.     

Assessment of sunflower germplasm for phytoremediation of lead-polluted soil and production of seed oil and seed meal for human and animal consumption

Phytoremediation is a valuable technology for mitigating soil contamination in agricultural lands, but phytoremediation without economic revenue is unfeasible for land owners and farmers. The use of crops with high biomass and bioenergy for phytoremediation is a unique strategy to derive supplementary benefits along with remediation activities. Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is a high-biomass crop that can be used for the phytoremediation of polluted lands with additional advantages (biomass and oil). In this study, 40 germplasms of sunflower were screened in field conditions for phytoremediation with the possibility for oil and meal production. The study was carried out to the physiological maturity stage. All studied germplasms mopped up substantial concentrations of Pb, with maximum amounts in shoot?>?root?>?seed respectively. The phytoextraction efficiency of the germplasm was assessed in terms of the Transfer factor (TF), Metal removal efficiency (MRE) and Metal extraction ratio (MER). Among all assessed criteria, GP.8585 was found to be most appropriate for restoring moderately Pb-contaminated soil accompanied with providing high biomass and high yield production. The Pb content in the oil of GP.8585 was below the Food safety standard of China, with 59.5% oleic acid and 32.1% linoleic acid. Moreover, amino acid analysis in meal illustrated significant differences among essential and non-essential amino acids. Glutamic acid was found in the highest percentage (22.4%), whereas cysteine in the lowest percentage (1.3%). Therefore, its efficient phytoextraction ability and good quality edible oil and meal production makes GP.8585 the most convenient sunflower germplasm for phytoremediation of moderately Pb-contaminated soil, with fringe benefits to farmers and landowners.     

生物矿化在重金属污染治理领域的研究进展

生物矿化通过生物代谢影响金属及类金属物质的形态分布,进而改变金属及类金属物质的生物有效性及毒性,在环境污染治理领域成为研究热点.文献计量学结果显示,2007—2017年生物矿化研究以微生物为主要对象,在纳米颗粒物和矿区修复等方面形成热点,并在环境学、生物学、化学和工程学等领域形成交叉学科.结合典型矿化菌与重金属间的矿化关联规律和微界面反应对微生物矿化中重金属的钝化机制进行归纳:①依据矿化菌与矿化产物的关联性对矿化菌进行分类,从碳酸盐、铁锰氧化物、硫化物和磷酸盐4类矿化产物角度汇总了碳酸盐矿化菌、铁锰氧化菌、硫酸盐还原菌及磷酸盐溶解菌的代表微生物;②矿化菌通过诱导矿化的方式固定重金属离子,其中碳酸盐矿化菌、硫酸盐还原菌及磷酸盐溶解菌可以直接促进金属矿物的形成,铁锰氧化菌生成的矿物间接吸附金属离子;③微生物矿化是由外及内的过程,细胞壁及胞外多聚物具有丰富基团,在矿化初期提供吸附和成核位点,原生质体也可以提供矿化场所,在矿化中后期继续固定游离离子.但是,由于微生物复杂的细胞结构及独特的生理习性,矿化过程的微界面反应机制研究尚显不足,需要利用生物学、矿物学、环境科学等领域的先进技术进一步的探索;同时也应开展宏观生态水平的生物矿化研究,并结合实际问题完善生物矿化在环境污染治理中的理论,为重金属污染地区的治理提供新的思路和技术.      

黑龙江省垃圾填埋场地下水污染调查评价研究

为了解黑龙江地区垃圾填埋场地下水污染状况,更好的进行预防和治理,文章以黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市黎明垃圾填埋场为例,在实地考察与采样检测的基础上,采用污染指数法对污染情况做出了评价,得出以下结论:黎明垃圾填埋场各监测井均有不同程度的污染.对监测井LMA和LMD点进行特征因子检测,两点均有钡、碘化物和甲苯检出,LMA综合评价为轻污染,LMD综合评价为中污染;以1986年该地区G32监测井的水质情况为背景对各点位无机物进行地下水污染评价,LMB为中污染,其他点位为极重污染,主要的影响指标为高猛酸盐指数、总硬度和氨氮.