近年来淮河干流氮污染状况与变化趋势

对淮河干流1990年至2002年氮污染和溶解氧监测数据的分析表明,沿淮河干流上游至下游氮污染加重,溶解氧含量降低。在一年中的6～9月,淮河干流无机氮和溶解氧浓度为最低。溶解氧的浓度直接影响到氨氮向亚硝酸盐氮和硝酸盐氮转化这一氧化自净过程。     

加压流体萃取-气相色谱质谱法测定土壤和沉积物中27种拟除虫菊酯类农药

建立了加压流体萃取-气相色谱质谱法测定土壤和沉积物中27种拟除虫菊酯类农药的方法。以丙酮/正己烷(V∶V=1∶1)为萃取溶剂,在120℃和10. 3 MPa条件下静态萃取7 min,循环3次,石墨化炭黑串接氨丙基键合硅胶固相萃取柱净化,HP-5MS UI色谱柱分离,优化了提取和分析过程的重要条件。方法检出限为0. 001~0. 012 mg/kg,土壤中低、高浓度的加标回收率范围分别为68. 3%~123%和75. 3%~115%,沉积物中低、高浓度的加标回收率范围分别为67. 1%~120%和78. 6%~110%,单一目标物的相对标准偏差(RSD)均<20%(n=6)。实验结果表明,该方法消耗溶剂少、效率高、检出限低、精密度和准确度好,适用于土壤和沉积物中拟除虫菊酯类农药残留的测定。     

关于桂花村地下水污染事件的调查

采用红外光谱法、色谱－质谱联用技术和气相色谱法，对新都县某厂废水和桂花村地下水中有机污染物种类进行了定性、定量分析，找出了桂花村地下水中的有机污染物质，并界定了污染范围。     

关注室内放射性环境污染 保护公众健康

室内的各种放射性环境污染影响人类健康，本文通过对各种室内放射性环境污染的简要评述，让人们对室内放射性环境污染有科学认识，并提出一些对策。     

Biodegradation of Crude Oil Contaminating Marine Shorelines and Freshwater Wetlands

This paper is a summary of the various factors influencing weathering of oil after it has been released into the environment from a spill incident. Special emphasis has been placed on biodegradation processes. Results from two field studies conducted in 1994 and 1999 involving bioremediation of an experimental oil spill on a marine sandy shoreline in Delaware and a freshwater wetland on the St. Lawrence River in Quebec, Canada have been presented in the paper.     

三氯乙烯污染地下水的原位修复技术研究及应用现状

三氯乙烯(TCE)在工业生产中的大规模使用,使其成为土壤和地下水中分布最广泛的污染物之一。本文综述了TCE污染地下水的原位修复方法,包括化学氧化法、电动修复法、生物修复以及渗透反应格栅技术,文章并对今后研究发展趋势进行了讨论。     

宁夏入黄排水沟中药物和个人护理品的污染特征与生态风险评价

药物和个人护理品（PPCPs）是一类新污染物,对水生生物具有潜在危害.为探究宁夏入黄排水沟中PPCPs的污染特征与生态风险,利用固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-质谱联用仪对21种PPCPs进行检测分析．结果表明,宁夏入黄排水沟中目标PPCPs的总浓度范围在47.52~1 700.96 ng·L^-1之间.其中,环丙沙星、对乙酰氨基酚、二苯甲酮-3和避蚊胺的检出率大于80%;检出浓度最大的5种化合物分别为对乙酰氨基酚、避蚊胺、咖啡因、二苯甲酮-3和左氧氟沙星,浓度最大值分别为597.21、563.23、559.00、477.28和473.07 ng·L^-1.空间分布上,排水沟中PPCPs的污染程度呈现出银川市>石嘴山市>吴忠市>中卫市的分布特征,入黄口采样点PPCPs总浓度范围为124.82~1 046.61 ng·L^-1.来源分析表明,宁夏入黄排水沟中磺胺嘧啶和土霉素主要来自于畜禽养殖,左氧氟沙星和环丙沙星主要来源于医疗废水,三氯卡班和三氯生来自于生活污水和工业废水,咖啡因和避蚊胺主要来自于生活污水.入黄排水沟中双氯芬酸、西咪替丁、三氯卡班和三氯生的污染程度与区域人口数量和经济发展水平呈正相关.生态风险评价结果显示,宁夏入黄排水沟中左氧氟沙星、双氯芬酸、吉非罗齐、二苯甲酮-3和三氯卡班表现为高风险;值得关注的是,大多数采样点PPCPs的综合生态风险表现为高风险.     

Historical pollution trends in coastal environments of India

Seventeen sediment cores were collected from different coastalecosystems of Tamil Nadu, India that include coastal lagoon (Pulicat), polluted rivers in Chennai (Adyar and Cooum), Coral reef (Gulf of Mannar) and a perennial river (Tamiraparani).Radiometric dating has been used to determine the modern sedimentation rates in these ecosystems. The Pulicat Lake and thepolluted rivers (Adyar and Cooum) yield an average sediment accumulation rate of 12.34 and 7.85 mm yr^-1, respectively. Inthe Gulf of Mannar coral reef, the sedimentation rate averages 17.37 mm yr^-1, while the rate in Tamiraparani River is 11.00 mm yr^-1. In the Tamiraparani River basin, the deposition rates were an order of magnitude higher when compared to the erosion rates, which may be due to bank erosion and the intense human activity. In general high rates of sedimentation observed in the coastal ecosystems not only reflect the capacity of the coastal regions as sinks for trace metals but also denoteincreased input of pollutants into the coastal environments in the recent past. The deposition rates of heavy metals – Fe, Mn,Zn, Cu, Cr and Ni in the depth profiles have been computed using sedimentation rates and their distribution is discussed. It can be seen that the mean deposition rates of all the measured elements in the Tamil Nadu coastal ecosystems are high compared with rates determined for the sediments of the deltaic regions ofIndia and the Bay of Bengal.     

石油污染场地土壤修复技术及工程化应用

在分析当前我国土壤受石油污染的状况基础上,介绍目前修复石油污染场地土壤的技术,包括物理修复、化学修复和生物修复等.并对各种技术的修复原理、研究进展、优缺点及其发展趋势进行了综述,结合我国的研究现状与工作基础对该领域今后的研究方向与重点进行了展望.     

Isolation and identification of potential fungal species for spent engine lubrication oil remediation in Peninsular Malaysia

Improper disposal and spills of spent engine oil into the environment can result in contamination, which eventually affects humans through the food chain. Mycoremediation is an effective and inexpensive alternative to clean up spent engine oil contamination. In recent work, the potential effectiveness of fungi for degrading spent engine oil was confirmed, with the species identified through molecular identification. Fungi that were able to grow in Bushnell Haas Broth supplied with spent engine oil were identified with the potential to utilize spent engine oil as a carbon source. Six species of fungi namely Penicillium simplicissimum, Aspergillus nidulans, Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma longibrachiatum, Aspergillus ustus, and Aspergillus flavus were successfully identified in this study. Over a course of seven days, P. simplicissimum (21.11 percent) was identified as the most effective fungi in degrading spent engine oil, followed by A. nidulans (17.75 percent), A. niger (15.85 percent), T. longibrachiatum (15.12 percent), A. ustus (15.02 percent), and A. flavus (11.80 percent). As these species of fungi were isolated from the natural environment in Peninsular Malaysia, the potential of using these fungi as mycoremediation of spent engine oil was therefore confirmed.