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481.
苏州河底泥中重金属的可动性模拟试验表明.沉积底泥能按照质量作用原理作为重金属的交换者起作用。霞金属Pb的交换溶出能力最低.Cd和Zh相似。苏州河是一条感潮河流,各潮期的潮流流动Re在(1.3l~j.8)×106范围,即为紊流流动.传质系数在(5.22~9.91)×10 4cm/s范围。在潮流作用下,60万m3底泥中重金属传递至河水中的量,以l天计,Cd为685.9函Pb为1505.9g,Zn为89.6kg,河水对底泥中莺金属的净化率,Cd为O.44%,Pb为0.0079%,Zn为0.05%。 相似文献
482.
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484.
在总结危及饮用水安全的因素的基础上,提出了饮用水安全的概念,并对其内涵进行分析;指出饮用水安全的属性有3个,即水量有保证、水质要达标和足够的供水能力;从强化管理和加强污染治理方面探讨保障饮用水安全的措施;指出建立有效的环境问责制,将环境指标真正纳入官员考核机制、实施清洁化生产,减少废水排放量和实施新的给水处理工艺是保障饮用水安全的关键。上述管理和治理措施为改善我国饮用水安全状况提供理论依据,对预防及减少突发性水污染事件起到积极的作用。 相似文献
485.
曹振奇 《中国环境管理干部学院学报》2006,16(3):20-22
在分析昌黎县社会经济和环境现状的基础上,指出了昌黎发展循环经济的必要性.结合昌黎县经济发展的特点,提出了该地区发展循环经济的结构体系,以及实现经济循环发展的具体对策. 相似文献
486.
487.
Effects of a tropical cyclone on the drinking-water quality of a remote Pacific island 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The effect of a cyclone (Ami, January 2003) on drinking-water quality on the island of Vanua Levu, Fiji was investigated. Following the cyclone nearly three-quarters of the samples analysed did not conform to World Health Organisation (WHO) guideline values for safe drinking-water in terms of chlorine residual, total and faecal coliforms, and turbidity. Turbidity and total coliform levels significantly increased (up 56 and 62 per cent, respectively) from pre-cyclone levels, which was likely due to the large amounts of silt and debris entering water-supply sources during the cyclone. The utility found it difficult to maintain a reliable supply of treated water in the aftermath of the disaster. Communities were unaware they were drinking water that had not been adequately treated. Circumstances permitted this cyclone to be used as a case study to assess whether a simple paper-strip water-quality test (the hydrogen sulphide, H(2)S) kit could be distributed and used for community-based monitoring following such a disaster event to better protect public health. The H(2)S test results correlated well with faecal and total coliform results as found in previous studies. A small percentage of samples (about 10 per cent) tested positive for faecal and total coliforms but did not test positive in the H(2)S test. It was concluded that the H(2)S test would be well suited to wider use, especially in the absence of water-quality monitoring capabilities for outer island groups as it is inexpensive and easy to use, thus enabling communities and community health workers with minimal training to test their own water supplies without outside assistance. The importance of public education before and after natural disasters is also discussed. 相似文献
488.
Several submerged barges were recently removed from the Passaic River, New Jersey, USA, in two areas (areas 1 and 2) where
contaminated sediments are known to exist. During removal of the single barge in area 1, elevated turbidity levels and chemical
parameters were measured. Greater increases were measured in area 2, where several barges were removed. In both areas, water
column concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and several metals exceeded one or more water quality criteria; turbidity levels in area
2 also exceeded regulatory criteria. Potential chemical bioaccumulation from the water column into residential aquatic receptors
was estimated using standard models and assumptions. The modeled results predicted that steady-state tissue concentrations
of bioaccumulative chemicals would not occur as a result of the brief increase in water column concentrations that occurred
during barge removal but that metals and PCDD/Fs could bioaccumulate to levels that exceed regulatory ecological criteria
during long-term sediment disturbance activities. In addition, based on some simplistic assumptions regarding settling of
suspended sediments, we estimate that chemical bioaccumulation from surface sediments into the food web could result in substantial
increases in PCDD/F body burdens in the benthic forage fish, mummichog. Our findings are consistent with the limited number
of field studies that have measured increased body burdens of bioaccumulative chemicals following dredging. We suggest that,
prior to consideration of extensive dredging as a remedial alternative for any river system, the potential significant and
long-term impacts on the food web must be evaluated. 相似文献
489.
Sourcing sediment using multiple tracers in the catchment of Lake Argyle,Northwestern Australia 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Control of sedimentation in large reservoirs requires soil conservation at the catchment scale. In large, heterogeneous catchments,
soil conservation planning needs to be based on sound information, and set within the framework of a sediment budget to ensure
that all of the potentially significant sources and sinks are considered.
The major sources of sediment reaching the reservoir, Lake Argyle, in tropical northwestern Australia, have been determined
by combining measured sediment fluxes in rivers with spatial tracer-based estimates of proportional contributions from tributaries
of the main stream entering the lake, the Ord River. The spatial tracers used are mineral particle magnetics, the strontium
isotopic ratio, and the neodymium isotopic ratio. Fallout of 137Cs has been used to estimate the proportion of the sediment in Lake Argyle eroded from surface soils by sheet and rill erosion,
and, by difference, the proportion eroded from subsurface soils by gully and channel erosion. About 96% of the sediment in
the reservoir has come from less than 10% of the catchment, in the area of highly erodible soils formed on Cambrian-age sedimentary
rocks. About 80% of the sediment in the reservoir has come from gully and channel erosion. A major catchment revegetation
program, designed to slow sedimentation in the reservoir, appears to have had little effect because it did not target gullies,
the major source of sediment. Had knowledge of the sediment budget been available before the revegetation program was designed,
an entirely different approach would have been taken. 相似文献
490.
Undamming Rivers: A Review of the Ecological Impacts of Dam Removal 总被引:26,自引:4,他引:22
Bednarek AT 《Environmental management》2001,27(6):803-814
Dam removal continues to garner attention as a potential river restoration tool. The increasing possibility of dam removal
through the FERC relicensing process, as well as through federal and state agency actions, makes a critical examination of
the ecological benefits and costs essential. This paper reviews the possible ecological impacts of dam removal using various
case studies.
Restoration of an unregulated flow regime has resulted in increased biotic diversity through the enhancement of preferred
spawning grounds or other habitat. By returning riverine conditions and sediment transport to formerly impounded areas, riffle/pool
sequences, gravel, and cobble have reappeared, along with increases in biotic diversity. Fish passage has been another benefit
of dam removal. However, the disappearance of the reservoir may also affect certain publicly desirable fisheries.
Short-term ecological impacts of dam removal include an increased sediment load that may cause suffocation and abrasion to
various biota and habitats. However, several recorded dam removals have suggested that the increased sediment load caused
by removal should be a short-term effect. Preremoval studies for contaminated sediment may be effective at controlling toxic
release problems.
Although monitoring and dam removal studies are limited, a continued examination of the possible ecological impacts is important
for quantifying the resistance and resilience of aquatic ecosystems. Dam removal, although controversial, is an important
alternative for river restoration. 相似文献