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561.
广州市售水产品中全氟烷基化合物的污染特征和安全风险评价 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为调查广州市售水产品中全氟烷基化合物(perflurorinated alkylated substances,PFASs)的污染特征,采集鱼类、甲壳类和头足类等6类254个样品,采用超高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定23种PFASs的含量.不同种类样品的PFASs总检出率为93.5%~100%,鱼类和甲壳类的含量较高.鱼类中检出了13种PFASs组分,但鲍鱼仅检出6种,种类差异明显.全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)和全氟辛烷羧酸(PFOA)的检出率最高,分别为76.8%和75.6%,为PFASs的特征污染组分.PFOS的含量为0.19~192.27 μg·kg-1,明显高于其它组分,污染贡献率达35.15%.与鱼类、甲壳类、头足类和加工制品中PFOS的污染贡献率最高不同,海珍品中污染贡献率最高的是全氟丁酸(PFBA),样品组分污染特征表现出明显的种类差异性.风险评价结果表明,广州市售水产品中PFOA和PFOS对人的潜在健康风险低. 相似文献
562.
In this paper we quantify the additional water quality benefits that can be achieved through coordinated cumulative impact management. To do this we simulate coordinated and un-coordinated revegetation investments and compare their impact on achieving regional water quality goals. Our results show that coordination between multiple mining companies achieves additional benefits since prioritization is enabled across a broader range of investment opportunities. Additionally, when coordinated investment is permitted beyond the boundaries of coal mining leases, results show that additional benefits are greatly enhanced since these regions provide more rewarding investment opportunities. Results illustrate (a) how regional coordination may influence reputational benefits of investments, and (b) that coordination is beneficial when investment opportunities are unevenly distributed across the landscape. When additional benefits are achievable, we suggest that mining companies should develop collective investment projects with an understanding of how coordination influences project costs. Similarly, investment projects should be developed with an understanding of investment tradeoffs and how these may adversely impact on regional stakeholders and hence industry reputation. The mining industry has significant potential to contribute to regional wellbeing; however, land management policies must be flexible and promote incentives to enable companies to invest beyond compliance. 相似文献
563.
Pietro Tundo Stefano Raccanelli Laila A. Reda Mohamed Tawic Ahmed 《Chemistry and Ecology》2004,20(4):257-265
Lake Temsah is one of the main wetlands in the Suez Canal region, and the main source for fish for the area. The lake is the end-point of several wastewater effluents. In the present study, residues of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) were monitored in the sediment of the lake. Samples were collected from six different sampling stations around the lake using a box-corer sampler, then kept frozen. Samples were extracted and cleaned up before residue determination was conducted using an HRGC/HRMS. An HP 6890 plus gas chromatograph was coupled to a Micromass Autospec Ultima mass spectrometer operating in EI mode at 35 eV and with a resolution of 10.000 (5% valley). PCDDs and PCDFs were detected in all sediment samples collected from various sampling stations. Results showed some progressive increase in PCDDs concentrations relevant to increase in chlorination. In the PCDD group of congeners, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9 octa-CDD had the highest detected concentrations in all samples, while 2, 3, 7, 8 tetra-CDD showed the lowest concentrations. The World Health Organization toxicity equivalents ranged from 0.387 to 11.20 ng kg-1 d.w. For PCDD homologues, hexa-CDD was the most dominant homologue in all sediment samples analysed. Regarding dioxin-like PCBs, results showed that IUPAC No. 118 congener, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5, pentachlorobiphenyl was the most concentrated of all detected congeners, with concentrations ranging between 0.039 and 43.201 µg kg-1. For polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, benzo(b+k+j)fluoranthene had the highest concentrations in almost all sampling stations. However, fluorene was the smallest detected concentration in almost all stations. This result would indicate that PAH contamination of the lake seems to be coming from one main source in all sampling stations. The present work is the first record of PCCDs, PCCFs, and dioxin-like PCBs in the Temsah lake. The concentrations of the contaminants monitored in this study, especially those of PAHs, are rather alarming. Efforts should be made to stop point sources that contaminate the lake. 相似文献
564.
Specific features of 137Cs accumulation, transformation, and migration in humus-peaty and peaty-gley soils of transitional bogs are discussed with reference to the southwestern part of the Russian Federation, which was most heavily contaminated after the Chernobyl accident. The influence of physicochemical soil properties and concentrations of typomorphic elements on these processes is characterized. It is concluded that bog soils accumulate 137Cs in the form of hardly movable compounds and, as a consequence, transitional bogs are transformed into critical ecosystems. 相似文献
565.
IntroductionHealthhazardsfrommercuryintheenvironmenthavecausedrestrictionsintheuseofmercuryandastrictercontrolofthereleaseofmercuryfromindustrialandotheruses.Butatthesametimethesesourcesofmercuryhavebeensubjectedtoregulation ,twonewsourceshaveappeared … 相似文献
566.
567.
环境中抗生素污染物的研究进展 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
最近的研究显示,在城市污水、表面水、土壤甚至食物中都检测到了不同种类抗生素的存在,抗生素在环境中的残留问题已经引起了研究者的关注。本文主要介绍了当前国内外抗生素的使用情况、来源,在环境中暴露途径、归趋和对生态的影响等方面的最新研究进展及存在问题,并提出了今后抗生素环境污染研究的主要方向。 相似文献
568.
569.
采集了商丘市包河6个位点的表层沉积物,用色谱-质谱对正构烷烃进行了分析,利用正构烷烃碳数分布特征和CPI指标等,对该市区的正构烷烃来源进行初步探讨。结果表明,正构烷烃碳数分布范围多数在nC13-nC31之间,分布类型只有一种,即高分子碳范围,碳优势指数为nC29,1相似文献
570.
Groundwater contamination due to pesticide applications on agricultural lands is of great environmental concern. The mathematical
models help to understand the mechanism of pesticide leaching in soils towards groundwater. We developed a user-friendly model
called ArcPRZM-3 by integrating widely used Pesticide Root Zone Model version 3 (PRZM-3) using Visual Basic and Geographic
Information System (GIS) based Avenue programming. ArcPRZM-3 could be used to simulate pesticide leaching towards groundwater
with user-friendly input interfaces coupled with databases of crops, soils and pesticides. The outputs from ArcPRZM-3 could be
visualized in user-friendly formats of tables, charts and maps. In this study we evaluated ArcPRZM-3 model by simulating bentazon
leaching in soil towards groundwater. ArcPRZM-3 was applied to 37 sites in Woodru County, Arkansas, USA to observe the daily
average dissolved bentazon concentration for soybean, sorghum and rice at a depth of 1.8 m for a period of two years. Nineteen ranks
of bentazon leaching potential were obtained using ArcPRZM-3 for all sites having di erent soil and crop combinations. ArcPRZM-3
simulation results for bentazon were compatible with the field monitored data in term of relative ranking and trend, although some
uncertainties exist. This study indicated that macropore flow mechanism would be important in analyzing the e ect of irrigation on
groundwater contamination due to pesticides. Overall, ArcPRZM-3 could be used to simulate pesticide leaching towards groundwater
more e ciently and e ectively as compared to PRZM-3. 相似文献