钻井固化土资源化利用技术研究

文章采用固化土资源化利用技术对钻井固化土进行处理。该技术采用钻井固化土为原料,用砂石作为骨料,通过高效固土复合材料的研制和固化土处置配方的优选实验得到满足强度要求的建筑材料,实现固化土的再利用。目前该技术已经在元坝六井井场内部修筑约300m2的护坡。现场结果表明,应用效果较好,节约成本,经济效益较大,且能满足相关质量要求,在很大程度上解决了固化土的处置问题,为钻井废物的无害化、资源化利用提供了技术参考。     

多环芳烃标准样品的研制

通过对6种多环芳烃(芴、菲、荧蒽、苯并[b]荧蒽、苯并[k]荧蒽、苯并[ghi])标准样品的研制,系统地介绍了液体介质标准样品的研究、制备、均匀性检验、稳定性检验、定值及数理统计的方法。      

循环经济建设中物质流分析的研究现状与进展

循环经济建设规划的首要任务是对系统进行物质流分析.按照系统的边界不同,物质流分析的研究通常分为3个层面--国家、区域及企业.在综合评述物质流分析研究现状的基础上,针对现有的不足,提出了今后的研究重点:①建立统一的计算方法,对物质流账户指标用生命周期评价进行修正;②对高资源消耗量和环境污染严重的重点行业企业的物质流进行分析研究; ③对国民经济发展非常重要的战略性资源,以及对环境危害较大物质的物质流开展研究工作.     

改善典型硝胺类易燃易爆材料引燃性能研究

通过针对典型硝胺类易燃易爆材料黑索今(RDX)和奥克托今(HMX)的引燃性能实验,研究了掺混碳黑和反应体系的封闭对上述药剂引燃特性的影响规律。研究表明,碳黑对硝胺类易燃易爆材料的激光吸收率有重要影响;反应体系的密封可以有效提高激光引燃感度,缩短激光引燃延迟时间,改善硝胺类易燃易爆材料的激光引燃性能。     

综合利用石墨化废旧辅料的新方法

炭素石墨制品生产过程中产生的石墨化废旧辅料,在炭素行业是最有开发潜力的固体废物。通过初加工可实现回收利用,经研制开发新产品可实现综合利用。该综合利用方法表明,在实现综合利用中可获得大的经济效益和可观的社会效益。      

人工湿地植物炭基材料特性及铁碳微电解填料制备

以人工湿地中典型植物为原料制备了不同条件下的炭基材料,并对其产率和结构特性进行了分析;同时考察了铁碳质量比、膨润土配比和焙烧温度对铁碳微电解填料除磷和化学需氧量(Chemical Oxygen Demand,COD)性能的影响,优化了植物基铁碳微电解填料的最佳配比和制备条件.结果表明:炭基材料主要由C、H、O和N四种元...     

多孔填充材料的防火防爆机理及应用

在液化气体、燃料储罐内填充多孔材料,可有效地减少或避免储罐发生爆炸事故.本文分析了这类材料的防爆机理并简要介绍了其应用情况.     

赶不上定理及其循环经济理论意义

阐释了在一个正常发展的长时期的宏观经济体系中人均物质消费量永远上升的观点,研究了人均GDP增长速度和物质利用强度变化速度之间的数量关系,根据二者变化速度相对快慢提出和证明了保证人均物质消费量上升的充分必要条件即赶不上定理.利用赶不上定理,论述了循环经济是解决人类经济增长的无限性与自然资源有限性之间的矛盾的根本途径,当人均GDP增长速度为零时进行结构调整必然降低人均物质消费量,引发社会不安定现象;当人均GDP增长速度足够快时,可以大幅度进行结构调整而不降低人均物质消费量.     

Radiation Crosslinking of Poly(Butylene Succinate) in the Presence of Inorganic Material and Its Biodegradability

Three kinds of poly(butylene succinate)s (PBS) with different molecular weight were irradiated with electron beams in the presence of inorganic material. Fourteen kinds of inorganic materials were used in this work. The presence of inorganic material inside cross-linked PBS samples enhances the yield of gel formation. The heat stabilities of PBS samples were checked; it was found that silicon dioxide and carbon black significantly improve these properties. Enzymatic and soil burial tests were performed; the presence of these inorganic materials in cross-linked PBS accelerates the rate of biodegradation.     

Life cycle assessment of biofibres replacing glass fibres as reinforcement in plastics

This article aims to determine the environmental performance of China reed fibre used as a substitute for glass fibre as reinforcement in plastics and to identify key environmental parameters. A life cycle assessment (LCA) is performed on these two materials for an application to plastic transport pallets. Transport pallets reinforced with China reed fibre prove to be ecologically advantageous if they have a minimal lifetime of 3 years compared with the 5-year lifetime of the conventional pallet. The energy consumption and other environmental impacts are strongly reduced by the use of raw renewable fibres, due to three important factors: (a) the substitution of glass fibre production by the natural fibre production; (b) the indirect reduction in the use of polypropylene linked to the higher proportion of China reed fibre used and (c) the reduced pallet weight, which reduces fuel consumption during transport. Considering the whole life cycle, the polypropylene production process and the transport cause the strongest environmental impacts during the use phase of the life cycle. Since thermoplastic composites are hardly biodegradable, incineration has to be preferred to discharge on landfills at the end of its useful life cycle. The potential advantages of the renewable fibres will be effective only if a purer fibre extraction is obtained to ensure an optimal material stiffness, a topic for further research. China reed biofibres are finally compared with other usages of biomass, biomaterials, in general, can enable a three to ten times more efficient valorisation of biomass than mere heat production or biofuels for transport.