伤亡事故统计分析信息管理系统的开发

利用Visual Basic语言和Microsoft Access数据库相结合的技术,建立伤亡事故统计分析信息管理系统,对企业历年来发生的伤亡事故进行统计分析从而预防事故的发生.     

2007年1-2月国内安全事故统计分析

统计了2007年1-2月国内发生的各种安全事故340起,包括矿业事故、交通事故、爆炸事故、火灾、毒物泄露和中毒及其他事故.统计表明,在这些事故中,交通事故最多,占56.47%,其次是其他事故(21.76%)、矿业事故(8.24%)、爆炸事故(6.18%)、火灾(5.29%)、毒物泄露和中毒(2.06%).340起事故共死亡1 165人,伤1 239人.死亡人数的百分比分别为交通事故63.61%、矿业事故12.19%、其他事故10.30%、火灾7.90%、爆炸事故5.06%、泄露中毒0.94%;受伤人数的百分比分别为交通事故70.78%、泄露中毒13.16%、矿业事故6.94%、爆炸事故4.04%、火灾2.66%、其他事故2.42%.     

2007年3-4月国内安全事故统计分析

统计了2007年3-4月国内发生的各种安全事故399起,包括矿业事故、交通事故、爆炸事故、火灾、毒物泄露和中毒及其他事故.统计表明,在这些事故中,交通事故最多,占43.61%,其次是其他事故(30.58%)、矿业事故(15.29)、爆炸事故(5.51%)、火灾(3.01%)、毒物泄露和中毒(2.01%).399起事故共死亡1 389人,伤1 732人,死亡人数的百分比分别为交通事故49.82%、矿业事故24.33%、其他事故18.57%、爆炸事故3.38%、火灾2.52%、泄露中毒1.37%; 受伤人数的百分比分别为交通事故50.58%、泄露中毒29.79%、矿业事故8.66%、其他事故5.72%、爆炸事故3.23%、火灾2.02%.     

高等级县乡道事故特征分析及对策研究

越来越多的县市修建了等级较高的县乡道,分析高等级县乡道事故多发的共性,对其事故特征研究及治理对策有重要意义。笔者在对我国高等级县乡道道路特征进行详细分析的基础上,将高等级县乡道上的事故黑点分为3类。采用理论分析和实际案例相结合的方法分别对3类事故黑点进行了详细的事故特征分析,并提出了相应的治理对策,进行了经济评价。最后,概括总结了高等级县乡道的治理对策,该对策措施对于高等级县乡道的安全管理工作具有借鉴作用。     

民航运行中的威胁与差错管理

在民航运行中的威胁与差错管理的理论基础上,指出威胁与差错管理的目标并非消除威胁与差错,而是把其危害控制在一个可以接受的范围以内。分别界定了威胁、差错、非期望状况的概念,优化了威胁与差错管理的模型,并给予详细的实证分析。进一步丰富了威胁与差错管理的框架形式,提出了系统完善策略。该研究取得的成果有助于民航业从主动控制的角度提升安全效能。     

Research on three-dimensional visualization system of Natech events triggered domino accidents in oil-gas depots

Natech events and domino accidents happen worldwide and usually lead to severe consequences, especially in hazardous areas such as Oil-Gas depots. With the continuous development of the Oil-Gas industry and information technology, it is essential to realize the three-dimensional management and monitoring of hazardous substances. To evaluate the consequences caused by Natech events triggered domino accidents (accident chain), a matrix loop method was proposed to calculate the probability and evolution path of the accident chain. The actual layout and the real-time data of the Oil-Gas depot are input into the evaluation method in matrices, thus making the results reliable and updated. Besides, a B/S architecture system is developed to present the evaluation consequences of the proposed method. The three-dimensional visualization effects of natural disasters, technological accidents and the dynamic propagation process of the accident chain are also realized in the system to enhance the user's experience. A system application regarding lightning-triggered domino accidents was carried out to demonstrate the feasibility and rapidity of the proposed evaluation method and perform the system's operation process and visualization effects. The application results show that the system can provide effective decision-making assistance to safety management workers before the accident and guidance for emergency rescue operations during the accident.     

Bayesian networks based laboratory retrofitting towards inherent safety: A risk-based implementation framework

Over the years, a number of high-profile laboratory accidents involving severe injuries, fatalities, and economic losses have been reported, prompting a significant increase in efforts towards laboratory safety. However, the dominant safety measures rely excessively on add-on safeguards such as sprinklers and respirators and pay little attention to reducing the hazardous factors at their sources. This study introduced the inherent safety concept to minimize laboratory hazards and developed a dedicated implementation tool called Generic Laboratory Safety Metric (GLSM). The Traditional Laboratory Safety Checklist (TLSC) was first used to represent the safety indicators, and then the Precedence Chart (PC) and Bayesian Networks (BN) methods were used to reconcile the safety indicators to develop the GLSM. The developed GLSM was subsequently demonstrated through a case study of a university laboratory. The results revealed that the safety level increased from 2.44 to 3.52 after the risk-based inherently safer retrofitting, thus creating laboratory conditions with a relatively satisfactory safety level. This work presented a set of generic solutions to laboratory retrofitting towards inherent safety with a novel GLSM as the implementation tool. The proposed GLSM would contribute to risk quantification and identification of key risk factors for assigning targeted and fundamental safety measures to achieve inherently safer laboratories.     

Carbon dioxide pipelines: A statistical analysis of historical accidents

Carbon dioxide pipeline is an essential carrier in carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS). Statistically revealing the accident rate and risk of carbon dioxide pipelines is conducive to integrity management. Based on 112 accident records collected from Pipeline & Hazardous Materials Safety Administration, this work analyzes the frequency, rate, and risk of accidents. In addition, the impact of relevant factors on risk is further discussed. Some primary conclusions are as follows: (1) For carbon dioxide pipelines, the leak is the leading form of accident. Most carbon emissions are generated in the form of leakage, but economic losses are mainly generated in other forms. (2) The pipelines that have been in service for 0–10 years have the highest frequency of accidents and the highest proportion of carbon emissions, but the pipelines that have been in service for 11–20 years have caused the most economic losses. (3) Among the accident causes, the number of accidents caused by equipment failure is the highest, while the economic loss caused by natural force damage is the highest, and the carbon emission caused by material failure is the highest.     

事故经济损失分类及评估方法研究综述*

为系统了解事故的经济损失分类、评估方法以及发展方向,通过文献综述的方法,回顾事故经济损失的研究起源,总结主要的分类方法,归纳评估方法的主要特点,分析评估难点并展望未来可能的研究方向。研究结果表明:事故经济损失统计项目难以全部列出,须在其构成价值与评估所需努力之间相权衡;在事后全面准确评估经济损失仍是未来的研究重点,其有益于统计标准的制修订,而事前评估则是1个新兴的方向;很难选择合适的直间比来评估间接经济损失,未来需开发1种简单灵活的评估方法。研究结果可为未来事故经济损失分类和评估的研究应用提供理论和数据支撑。     

在线分析小屋仪器失效概率与安全间距研究

为探究天然气输气站中在线分析小屋内,因仪器布局紧凑所导致的连锁失效概率的计算方法,并探索在线分析小屋内不同分析仪器间合理的安全距离,以基于风险的检测技术(RBI)为基础,考虑在线分析仪器间因超压爆炸而引发的连锁事故,建立在线分析小屋内仪器失效概率计算方法,为仪器的无事故安全管理提供数据基础;同时,采用TNT当量法建立在...