煤矸石堆场Fe、Mn迁移累积效应研究

通过对贵州织金典型煤矿区矸石堆场周边地表水体及耕地进行调查与采样分析,探讨了煤矸石堆场Fe、Mn元素迁移对周边地表水体及耕地累积效应的影响。研究结果表明:受煤矸石堆场酸性排水的影响,煤矸石堆场周边溪沟水Fe、Mn含量分别达0.81~32.14mg/L、1.17~8.42mg/L,超过"集中式生活饮用水地表水源地标准"限值的3~107、12~84倍。堆场周边旱作土中Fe、Mn含量分别达63 530~85 990mg/kg、243.1~910.1mg/kg,水稻土达46 940~75 810mg/kg、144.5~409.1mg/kg,Fe、Mn累积指数旱作土分别达1.61、2.97,水稻土分别达1.24、1.33。随着与堆场距离的增大,水稻土Fe、Mn含量逐步降低,在500m范围内Fe降低了35%,Mn降低了61%,而旱作土变化规律不明显。     

基于APCS-MLR和PMF模型的赤泥堆场周边耕地土壤重金属污染源解析

为探究重庆某赤泥堆场周边耕地土壤重金属污染特征和来源,分析土壤中8种重金属元素（Cd、Cr、Hg、Ni、Pb、As、Cu和Zn）含量和空间分布特征,利用单因子污染指数法和内梅罗综合污染指数法对土壤重金属污染特征进行评价,并在相关性分析的基础上采用APCS-MLR和PMF模型定量解析重金属来源.结果表明,除土壤Cr外,其他7种重金属元素含量均值均高于重庆市土壤背景值.土壤重金属整体处于中度污染水平,其中Cd、Hg和As为中度污染,Pb、Cu、Ni和Zn为轻度污染.土壤Cr、Ni、Pb、Cu和Zn空间分布格局相似,相互间呈极显著正相关（P < 0.01）;Cd、Hg和As空间分布特征有较大差异,且相互间相关性不显著（P > 0.05）.源解析表明,研究区土壤重金属来源较为复杂,APCS-MLR和PMF模型均能解析出4种相同的污染源,分别为赤泥堆场渗滤排放和自然来源、火力发电排放源、农业活动与自然来源和有色金属冶炼排放源.两种模型源解析结果差异较小,APCS-MLR模型中4种污染源贡献率分别为51.8%、18.0%、15.9%和14.3%,而在PMF模型中分别为45.9%、12.8%、21.5%和19.8%.     

贮灰场源强的确定及污染防治措施

灰场评价是电厂环境影响评价中非常重要的部分,粉煤灰的性质,决定了空气环境影响评价在贮灰场的评价中具有重要的地位和作用。而贮灰场源强的计算,则是贮灰场空气评价的关键。本文结合实际工作,从贮灰场空气污染源产生环节分析入手,结合已有资料,分别讨论了干式贮灰场空气污染源中表层起尘量和自卸汽车卸料起尘量的影响因素及源强计算,并根据其影响因素,总结了贮灰场空气污染防治措施的一些要点,希望对广大环评工作者有所裨益。     

Indoor air particles in research vessel from Shanghai to Antarctic: Characteristics, influencing factors, and potential controlling pathway

Despite millions of seafarers and passengers staying on ships each year, few studies have been conducted on the indoor air quality inside ship hulls. In this study, we investigated the levels and size distribution of indoor particulate matter during two cruises of the research vessel “Xuelong” from Shanghai to Antarctica. The results showed that the particle size less than 2.5 µm (PM_2.5), and particle size less than 10 µm (PM₁₀) concentrations in different rooms of the ship widely varied. We observed high particulate matter (PM) levels in some of the rooms. The mass concentration distribution was dominated by 1–4 µm particles, which may have been caused by the hygroscopic growth of fine particles. The dominant factors influencing PM concentrations were indoor temperature, relative humidity, and human activity. We quantified contributions of these factors to the levels of indoor particles using a generalized additive model. In clean rooms, the levels of indoor particles were controlled by temperature and relative humidity, whereas in polluted rooms, the levels of indoor particles were mainly influenced by temperature and human activity, which implied that controlling temperature and human activity would efficiently reduce the levels of indoor particles.     

船舶污染事故的调查取证与处罚原则

本文根据船舶防污监督管理的内容、特点，系统地提出了船舶·违章排污造成污染事故的调查取证程序、方法、内容、综合分析方法．还阐述了作出处罚决定的内容，防治措施的要求和依法处罚的原则．     

Seasonal distribution and contamination levels of total PHCs, PAHs and heavy metals in coastal waters of the Alang-Sosiya ship scrapping yard, Gulf of Cambay, India

Alang-Sosiya situated on the Gulf of Cambay is one of the largest ship breaking yard in the world. The seasonal distribution and contamination levels of dissolved and/or dispersed total petroleum hydrocarbons (PHCs), total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals in seawater during high tide are investigated. The concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbons and heavy metals are higher in the winter than in the monsoon and summer. The concentrations of total PHCs and PAHs are about three times higher in the winter and two times in the monsoon or summer at Along-Sosiya and about twice in all seasons at two stations one on either side 5 km away from it as compared to the reference station at Mahuva, 60 km away towards the south. Further, the levels of PHCs are correlated with salinity and compared with those of other regions. The concentration of all metals is the highest in the winter season followed by the monsoon and summer. We carried out the quantitative analysis of the possible relationships among 13 variables such as Al, Fe, Pb, Mn, Cu, Zn, Cd, Cr, Co, pH, NO3-, NO2 and PO4(3-).     

火力发电厂灰渣场地理化性质对植物生长的影响

经实地考察分析 ,对芜湖火力发电厂灰渣场地理化性质和植物生长的关系进行了研究。结果表明 ,芜湖发电厂灰渣场地自然定居的植物仅 30种 ,大部分定居物种是适于风力传播的繁殖体 ,它和渣场周边的植物繁殖体源有重要关系。灰渣场地物理性质不良、养分不平衡而贫瘠和重金属浓度过高是限制植物定居的主要因素。     

典型农村庭院生态系统结构多样性与系统功能研究

以山东省淄博西单村为例,对农村庭院生态系统结构多样性和系统功能进行了研究。结果表明,庭院生态系统存在多种结构类型：结构多样性可以促进庭院环境的改善,但与庭院的经济产出和庭院的开放度无直接关系。结构多样化庭院体现了未来庭院的发展趋势,经济效益型庭院则是当前农村居民经济收入的必要补充。     

杭州煤场煤尘环境影响预测分析

介绍杭州煤场煤炭堆放，装卸及运输过程过程中 煤尘产生量的估算法，估算煤尘的分粒瞬时源强，单源及多源叠加下风向煤尘预测浓度公式及预测为同类型煤场大气环境影响评价提供参考。     

抚顺市生活垃圾管理现状及对策探讨

文中系统分析了抚顺市固体废物的收运及处理现状。并对其对策进行了讨论。认为抚顺市应立足现实，完善固体废物管理体系；对固体废物分类收集。以源头控制为主，并逐步改进现有的较为单一的卫生填埋、堆放技术；尝试应用多种先进的综合处理新技术，改变传统的思维模式，加快固体废物处理市场化、产业化的步伐。走可持续发展之道路。