Heavy metal mobility in runoff water and absorption by eggplant fruits from sludge treated soil

Sewage sludge addition to agricultural lands requires judicious management to avoid environmental risks arising from heavy metal and nitrate contamination of surface water and accumulation in edible plants. A field study was conducted on a silty-loam soil of 10% slope at Kentucky State University Research Farm. Eighteen plots of 22 × 3.7 m each were separated using metal borders and the soil in six plots was mixed with sewage sludge and yard waste compost mix (SS-YW) at 15 t acre^?1, six plots were mixed with sewage sludge (SS) at 15 t acre^?1, and six unamended plots that never received sludge were used for comparison purposes. Plots were planted with eggplant, Solanum melongena L. as the test plant. The objectives of this investigation were to: 1) assess the effect of soil amendments on the transport of NO₃, NH₄, and heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, Zn, Cu, and Mo) into surface water; 2) investigate the effect of soil amendments on heavy metal bioavailability in eggplant fruits at harvest; and 3) assess chemical and physical properties of soil following addition of soil amendments and their impact on the yield and quality of eggplant fruit. SS-YW treatments reduced runoff water by 63% while plots incorporated with sewage sludge alone reduced runoff water by 37% compared to control treatment. The SS-YW treatments transported more mineral nitrogen (NO₃-N and NH₄-N) in runoff water than SS treatments. Total marketable yield (lbs acre^?1) and number of eggplant fruits were greatest in SS-YW treatments. This response may be due to improved soil porosity, water, and nutrient retention of the soil amended with SS-YW mixture. Concentrations of heavy metals in soil amended with sludge were below the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) limits. Chromium, Ni, Zn, and Cu were taken up by eggplant fruits but their concentrations were below the Codex Commission allowable levels.     

莱钢1~# 1880m~3高炉出铁场除尘系统改造

对1 880 m3高炉出铁场除尘系统存在问题进行分析,查找制约原有系统除尘效果的原因,并利用技术改造,提高系统风量和除尘效果,有效地降低了岗位粉尘浓度,改善了现场周围环境,取得了较好的社会效益和环保效益.     

Alternative soil quality indices for evaluating the effect of intensive cropping, fertilisation and manuring for 31 years in the semi-arid soils of India

Soil quality assessment provides a tool for evaluating the sustainability of alternative soil management practices. Our objective was to develop the most sensitive soil quality index for evaluating fertilizer, farm yard manure (FYM), and crop management practices on a semiarid Inceptisol in India. Soil indicators and crop yield data from a long-term (31 years) fertilizer, manure, and crop rotation (maize, wheat, cowpea, pearl millet) study at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI) near New Delhi were used. Plots receiving optimum NPK, super optimum NPK and optimum NPK + FYM had better values for all the parameters analyzed. Biological, chemical, and physical soil quality indicator data were transformed into scores (0 to 1) using both linear and non-linear scoring functions, and combined into soil quality indices using unscreened transformations, regression equation, or principal component analysis (PCA). Long-term application of optimum inorganic fertilizers (NPK) resulted in higher soil quality ratings for all methods, although the highest values were obtained for treatment, which included FYM. Correlations between wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield and the various soil quality indices showed the best relationship (highest r) between yield and a PCA-derived SQI. Differences in SQI values suggest that the control (no NPK, no manure) and N only treatments were degrading, while soils receiving animal manure (FYM) or super optimum NPK fertilizer had the best soil quality, respectively. Lower ratings associated with the N only and NP treatments suggest that one of the most common soil management practices in India may not be sustainable. A framework for soil quality assessment is proposed.     

煤场扬尘影响预测与措施研究

对储煤场扬尘的影响因素作了分析,通过对煤场起尘量及在不同风速不同含水率下对煤场扬尘源强进行估算,并对煤场下风向TSP的落地浓度进行了预测,最后根据预测结果提出了防止煤场扬尘的措施.     

聚类问题集合论解法初探

本文主要探讨了应用集合论来解聚类问题的方法即集合聚类法,它是在论域上寻找由等价关系所诱导的划分。     

不同设置方式下的防风网抑尘效果对比

为对比防风网不同设置方式对露天堆场起尘的影响,以某露天煤堆场为例,结合现场实测数据对数值计算方法进行了验证,并根据实际堆场设计了4种设网方案。通过计算各料堆表面摩阻风速的分布,统计出了各方案下的全年起尘率。结果表明：当防风网呈＂口＂型设置时,抑尘效果最好;沿全年主导风向上方向呈＂L＂型设置时,抑尘效果最差。比较＂П＂型...     

露天储煤场防风抑尘集成技术的应用

近年来随着平顶山天安煤业股份有限公司一矿棚户区改造推进,一矿露天储煤场煤尘对周围环境影响较大。为降低其污染,工程采用防风抑尘网、喷水洒水抑尘、地面硬化构成露天储煤场防风抑尘集成技术,并对主要工艺参数进行了优化,运行期监测结果表明该集成技术抑尘率达88.5%,露天储煤场周界外颗粒物无组织排放浓度均低于《煤炭工业污染物排放标准》(GB 20426-2006)中相应标准限值。     

电除尘器在酒钢高炉出铁场的应用

介绍了酒钢高炉出铁场电除尘系统工艺及设备,并就该系统的运行效果进行了分析和评价,提出了建议。     

Mobility of dimethoate residues from spring broccoli field

Dimethoate [O, O-dimethyl-S-(N-methylcarbamoyl-methyl) phosphorodithioate] is a broad-spectrum systemic insecticide currently used worldwide and on many vegetables in Kentucky. Dimethoate is a hydrophilic compound (log K_OW = 0.7) and has the potential of offsite movement from the application site into runoff and infiltration water. The dissipation patterns of dimethoate residues were studied on spring broccoli leaves and heads under field conditions. Following foliar application of Dimethoate 4E on broccoli foliage at the rate of 0.47 L acre^?1, dimethoate residues were monitored in soil, runoff water collected down the land slope, and in infiltration water collected from the vadose zone. The study was conducted on a Lowell silty loam soil (pH 6.9) planted with broccoli under three soil management practices: (i) soil mixed with municipal sewage sludge, (ii) soil mixed with yard waste compost, and (iii) no-mulch rototilled bare soil. The main objective of this investigation was to study the effect of mixing native soil with municipal sewage sludge or yard waste compost, having considerable amounts of organic matter, on off-site movement of dimethoate residues into runoff and infiltration water following spring rainfall. The initial deposits of dimethoate were 6.2 and 21.4 μ g g^?1 on broccoli heads and leaves, respectively. These residues dissipated rapidly and fell below the maximum residue limit of 2 μ g g^?1 on the heads and leaves after 10 and 14 d, respectively, with half-lives of 5.7 d on broccoli heads and 3.9 d on the leaves. Dimethoate residues detected in top 15 cm of soil (due to droplet drift and wash off residues from broccoli foliage) one day (d) following spraying, were 30.5 ng g^?1 dry soil in the sewage sludge treatment, and 46.1 and 134.5 ng g^?1 dry soil in the yard waste and no mulch treatments, respectively. Water infiltration was greater from yard waste compost treatment than from no mulch treatment, however concentrations of dimethoate in the vadose zone of the three soil treatments did not differ.     

舰艇舱室环境中的恶臭污染和优先控制策略

介绍了恶臭物质对人体健康的影响,分析了舰艇舱室内常见恶臭物质的分类、气味性质及来源,比对了国内外恶臭污染控制的相关标准。通过分析恶臭污染物的检出频次、毒性效应、气味安全级别、综合分值和艇内危害等级等指标,提出了舰艇舱室环境中24种恶臭物质的优先控制名单,指出舰艇的通风设计和硬件设备改进对于控制恶臭污染也很重要。