南方崩岗区铁路工程弃渣场水土保持防治措施研究

在借鉴南方崩岗区水土保持综合治理经验的基础上,基于现场调查和资料分析,以龙岩至武平铁路为例,研究南方红壤区铁路工程在崩岗侵蚀背景下的弃渣场水土保持防治措施,旨在为同地区铁路工程弃渣场水土保持防治措施提供解决思路。     

Ports’ service attributes for ship navigation safety

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the service attributes of ports for ship navigation safety. Based on the relevant literature and the features of ship navigation in ports, the service attributes of ports for ship navigation were first investigated. A fuzzy AHP model was then used to identify those attributes from shipmasters’ perspectives. Finally, a Dissatisfaction Attitude (DA) index was used to determine the attributes’ priorities, by which the port authorities may make policies for improving ship navigation safety. As an empirical study, the shipmasters berthing their ships in Kaohsiung Port were surveyed to validate the model. The result constructs 19 port service attributes (SAs) for ship navigation safety, in which, the shipmasters place more emphasis on the SAs of operators’ professional literacy, including the marine pilot’s professional and English communication abilities, the VTC (Vessel Traffic Center) regulator’s professional and English communication abilities, and the tugboat driver’s skills. While, for Kaohsiung Port, currently, the traffic control of fairway is the most important aspect to be improved. The theoretical and managerial implications of the findings for port authorities in improving ship navigation safety are discussed.     

固定式消防水炮在火电厂封闭圆形煤场中的应用

以某2×300MW级火电厂封闭圆形煤场消防系统的设计为例,对该建筑采用的消防炮灭火系统的选择进行了阐述,详细介绍了该工程采用的固定式消防炮灭火系统,指出固定式消防水炮灭火系统是大型封闭圆形煤场灭火的理想设施,总结了固定式消防水炮在该工程应用中的优缺点。     

基于存活概率的动态车龄分布模型

城市车辆的年龄组成(简称车龄分布)是体现城市车辆老化程度和确定车辆报废年限的重要指标。目前已有的车龄分布算法要求数据量大,在我国大部分城市很难得到完整的数据。笔者提出一种符合威布尔分布的车辆存活概率算法。该算法根据车辆保有量数据和报废车辆总数(或新车数据)推导出各年的车龄分布,且能够动态预测将来年份的车龄分布。同时,利用北京市小客数据对算法进行了实例应用,证明该法的实用可行性。由于该算法所需数据量小,计算简便,特别适用于我国在用车统计不完备的地区,利用该算法根据有限的数据来推导出当地的车龄分布,具有通用性。该算法的有效性检验和敏感度分析需进一步研究。     

Enhanced degradable yard waste collection bag behavior in a field-scale composting environment

The degradation of four formulations of yard waste-filled collection bags was evaluated in a field-scale test of 15.5- or 31-m-long windrows at a community yard waste composting site. Variables of bag contents, bag chemical composition, and length of exposure were evaluated. Chemical compositions of the bags included (1) low-density polyethylene (LDPE) + 6% cornstarch + 2 levels of prooxidant, (2) LDPE + 9% cornstarch + prooxidants, and (3) LDPE without cornstarch but with photooxidation enhancers. Results showed that all products weakened and/or disintegrated to some extent. However, the bags with 6% starch disintegrated too slowly to allow timely processing of the compost. The bags with 9% starch and other additives to promote multiple degradation mechanisms degraded at the fastest rate of those evaluated here. The photodegradable bags with solar exposure during composting disintegrated rapidly, but when turned to expose new surfaces to light, further strength losses occurred slowly.Paper presented at the Biodegradable Materials and Packaging Conference, September 22–23, 1993, Natick, Massachusetts.     

浅谈洛阳首阳山电厂的清洁生产审核

首阳山电厂开展了清洁生产审核工作,确定将电厂煤场整改和从电厂二期粉煤灰粗灰中回收铁作为第一轮清洁生产审计的重点,通过开展清洁生产,实现经济效益和环境效益的双丰收.     

太湖流域船舶污染防治工程环境效益定量评估方法研究

对太湖流域船舶污染防治工程的环境效益定量评估方法进行了研究,给出了工程实施后的船舶垃圾和船舶石油类排放削减量的计算公式。利用平原河网区水量模型模拟太湖流域水动力条件,利用分段混合水质模型进行石油类水质改善效果预测。最后应用该评估方法进行太湖流域船舶污染防治工程的环境效益评估,预测工程实施后的船舶垃圾、船舶石油类排放削减量和水质改善程度,为该工程的实施提供科学依据。     

贵州中部山区煤矸石堆场周边污染水稻土重金属的释放特征

通过对贵州中部山区煤矸石堆场周边污染的水稻土及上覆水进行调查与采样分析,探讨污染水稻土有效态重金属(Cr、Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Hg和Pb)含量的变化及其释放特征。研究结果表明:不同程度污染水稻土中Cd、As和Hg的含量及部分水稻土中的Cu含量超过了土壤环境质量二级标准,随着水稻土污染程度的增加,土壤有效态Cd的含量出现明显的增加,中度污染水稻土和重度污染水稻土有效态Cd的平均含量分别比轻度污染水稻土增加了1.30、2.60倍;在水稻生长期间(6~8月),污染稻田上覆水中均出现Cd的超标,中度污染稻田和重度污染稻田上覆水Cd的平均浓度(三次采样)分别比轻度污染稻田的上覆水高11.3%和27.3%。污染水稻土淹水1~30d期间,上覆水Cd的浓度出现不断地增加,淹水20d后中度及重度污染水稻土上覆水Cd均出现超标。因此,煤矸石堆场周边污染稻田排水的Cd会产生明显的二次污染。     

庭院垃圾对填埋场甲烷的减量化研究

将熟化时间为24个月和2个月的庭院垃圾分别用于建设0.9 m厚的1#和2#两个生物覆盖层单元,并进行了为期15个月的野外试验,以验证庭院垃圾能否作为生物覆盖层材料用于减少垃圾填埋场甲烷的排放,以及利用同位素和质量守恒方法量化生物覆盖层对垃圾填埋场甲烷的氧化能力.结果表明,两个生物覆盖层对甲烷的氧化能力在建设初期达到整个观测期的最高值,分别为(141±10)g·m-2·d-1和(197±27)g·m-2·d-1,随后生物覆盖单元的甲烷氧化能力随季节交替降低至18~120 g·m-2·d-1和23~70 g·m-2·d-1.试验的中后期,在两个生物覆盖单元中均观测到明显数量的甲烷产出.试验结果表明24个月和2个月熟化时间的庭院垃圾作为生物覆盖填料,均具有较好的甲烷减量化能力,但所含不稳定有机质在厌氧条件下的降解会造成额外的甲烷释放.除此之外,在利用质量守恒方法量化甲烷氧化率时,忽略非甲烷氧化菌的呼吸作用会高估庭院垃圾对甲烷的减量化能力.     

麻纤维混纺弹力袜的研究与开发

本文在描述袜子的起源和防护作用基础上,介绍了麻纤维混纺弹力袜的研究与开发。该产品含有麻纤维,较好地解决了吸湿快干、抑菌防臭、染色牢度等方面的难题,可以满足实际穿用,其优良的抗菌、快干等性能对个体防护专业来说,具有一定的借鉴意义。