Numerical computation and characteristic analysis on the center shift of fire whirls in a ship engine room fire

The existence of fire whirls in some ship engine room is studied by using the basic elements of the fire whirls formation. The temperature characteristic of fire whirls are used to study the path shift of fire whirls and the result is nearly circular. The center shift angular velocity of fire whirls is analyzed with the least square fitting in the conditions of the constant wind velocity and the variable wind velocity from four sides. In the situation of the constant wind velocity, the result shows that the center shift angular velocity of fire whirls comply with the change regularity of a cube polynomial with different wind speed. When the wind velocity is more than 6.58 m/s, it strongly affects the change rate of the center shift angular velocity. However, in the situation of variable wind velocity, when the change rule of wind velocity follow increasing or descending regularity, the change law of the center shift angular velocity is proportional to the size of the wind velocity, but when the wind velocity is random variation, the change fluctuation of center shift angular velocity is comparatively small. Computational results have important significance for the structure fireproofing, fire evaluation and shipping design.     

采油井场井口导油沟隐患分析及对策

针对采油井场"两池一沟"中导油沟存在的安全隐患进行了分析,并提出了控制导油沟安全隐患的对策,以期为油田标准化井场的建设提供参考.     

贮煤场煤尘源强估算及防护距离确定

在贮煤场四周设置挡风抑尘墙是目前我国对贮煤场煤尘采取的最主要治理措施。以某2×350MW机组工程贮煤场为例,进行了挡风抑尘墙综合抑尘效率90%、不同风速、不同含水率条件下的煤尘源强估算,并进行了大气环境防护距离和卫生防护距离的确定,为相关环评工作提供参考。     

The direct influence of ship traffic on atmospheric PM2.5, PM10 and PAH in Venice

The direct influence of ship traffic on atmospheric levels of coarse and fine particulate matter (PM_2.5, PM₁₀) and fifteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has been estimated in the urban area of Venice. Data analysis has been performed on results collected at three sites over the summer, when ship traffic is at a maximum. Results indicate that monitoring of the PM daily concentrations is not sufficiently detailed for the evaluation of this contribution, even though it could be useful for specific markers such as PAHs. Therefore a new methodology, based on high temporal resolution measurements coupled with wind direction information and the database of ship passages of the Harbour Authority of Venice has been developed. The sampling sites were monitored with optical detectors (DustTrack^® and Mie pDR-1200) operating at a high temporal resolution (20s and 1s respectively) for PM_2.5 and PM₁₀. PAH in the particulate and gas phases were recovered from quartz fibre filters and polyurethane foam plugs using pressurised solvent extraction, the extracts were then analysed by gas chromatography- high-resolution mass spectrometry. Our results shows that the direct contribution of ships traffic to PAHs in the gas phase is 10% while the contribution to PM_2.5 and to PM₁₀ is from 1% up to 8%.     

建立中国船舶油污损害赔偿机制的对策

建立一套有效的船舶油污损害赔偿机制，是提高中国船舶溢油应急能力和减轻污染损害的根本途径。文中论述了建立该机制的必要性和建立中国赔偿机制的对策。     

碱(水)热处理改善分选有机废物的厌氧消化性能

取用凋落杨树叶和自配厨余废物,分别进行水热(碱)预处理后测定生物化学甲烷势(BMP),研究碱热处理对废物厌氧消化性能的影响.水热处理后产物pH降低,有机物加速溶解并进一步水解生成小分子物质.对于不同废物,实验得到的最佳水热条件不同.杨树落叶在水热温度150℃、碱性环境处理后观察到厌氧甲烷势,水解液SCOD浓度13 203 mg/L.水热温度超过130℃时厨余废物完全溶解或悬浮,SCOD浓度12412 mg/L.加碱催化对产沼性能影响不大.此时两者最大比累计甲烷产量分别为112 mL/g和276 mL/g.总碳转化率分别为24.81%和53.34%.     

美国<1990年油污法>及船舶油污损害赔偿机制概述

美国没有加入《１９６９年责任公约》和《１９７１年基金公约》，而是通过制定《１９９０年油污法》而建立了国内船舶油污损害赔偿机制。笔者曾于１９９３年前往美国就此问题专门进行了考察。在中国正在研究建立国内船舶油污损害赔偿机制之际，将美国的经验作一总结，希望能有所裨益。     

构建环境友好生态型家庭的指标体系及其对策

中国已逐渐步入全面建设小康和谐生态型社会的发展阶段,构建环境友好生态型家庭是其中一项重要内涵。在遵循城市生态学原理的基础上,首次提出了环境友好生态型家庭的科学概念;其次,给出了建立环境友好生态型家庭应当遵循的5项原则和构建环境友好生态型家庭的具体指标体系;最后,给出了建设环境友好生态型家庭的具体对策和措施,并展望了中国未来的生态型家庭建设的相关目标。