The sands of Forvie (Scotland): A case study in geomorphology and conservational management

The Sands of Forvie, National Nature Reserve, Scotland is a complex coastal sand dune system which is associated with the dynamic estuary of the River Ythan. The dune system has developed over more than 5000 years. The south partis a peninsula of dunes, sandhills, sand arcs, erosion and deflation surfaces. The north part is superimposed on a rock plateau with a cliff coastline. This plateau is covered in glacial deposits and is essentially an upland heath landscape. Some of the best examples of large active parabolic dunes in Britain are found in North Forvie. The sequence of geomorphic development is described. As a nature reserve with a rich ecology it has been managed for conservational purposes since 1960s. As such it is an excellent case study of how conservational management has changed to become more flexible and more aware of the importance of dynamic processes.     

河西走廊1994－04－08浮尘暴·黄沙的气象特征和大气气溶胶测定

报道１９９４－０４－０７—１９９４－０４－０８河西走廊形成浮尘暴·黄沙天气过程、气象观测和大气总悬浮微粒（ＴＳＰ）测定结果,说明我国西北地区发生的浮尘暴·黄沙天气的气象及大气气溶胶特点。嘉峪关和酒泉一带是这次黄沙的中心;酒泉等地的ＴＳＰ浓度高达３８．００ｍｇ／ｍ３,室内ＴＳＰ浓度高达８．６３ｍｇ／ｍ３,自然降尘浓度达２９６．２２ｔ／（ｋｍ２·月）;黄沙云高约２０００—３０００ｍ;主要组成元素Ｓｔ、Ａｌ、Ｃａ、Ｆｅ、Ｍｇ、Ｍｎ和Ｔｉ等含量上升;黄沙沿嘉峪关、酒泉、金昌、兰州和北京渐次减少;１９９４－０４－１１的２：００在甘肃省大部分地区出现了哈布（Ｈａｂｏｏｂ）现象。建议今后对尘暴·黄沙的研究还应测定黄沙气溶胶浓度、粒度分布和不同粒度微粒的化学组成,测定雨土、降水、降尘和气温的变化。     

砂尘环境试验中颗粒沉降的数值模拟

对砂尘试验中试验段前后砂尘颗粒气固两相流场进行了数值模拟,计算中,将气相作为连续介质,采用两相耦合的Navier-Stokes湍流模型,,并用SIMPLE算法对流场进行数值模拟;将固相作为离散体系,采用颗粒轨迹法计算其运动轨迹。计算结果表明,试验段前后由于气流旋涡的诱导,使得砂粒会聚集在模型的前端和后端附近,说明此处较容易聚集砂粒。计算结果对自行设计与研制砂尘环境模拟试验设备具有重要的指导意义和实用参考价值。     

关于自然形成生物锰砂滤池对氨氮去除效果的研究

文章通过对中国南方某给水厂传统水处理工艺中v型滤池去除氨氮的效果进行研究,分析了该厂在长期投加高锰酸钾进行预氧化的同时间接地对天然石英砂滤料改性从而形成生物锰砂滤池的原因.研究结果表明,当进水氨氮浓度大于1.5mg/L时有利于滤料表面挂膜;当氨氮为2.3mg/L时,生物膜表面活性最强;氨氮穿透负荷为17.3mg/L.     

长江上游洛碛河段采砂后鱼类生境现状研究

近年来,长江上游大量集中采砂造成河床地貌大幅改变,进而改变了该河段原有的水流条件.采砂可能会改变鱼类生境,但采砂后的河道鱼类生境现状尚不明确.分别在2019年1月以及2020年6月、12月对洛碛河段进行了3次水声学调查,探明了洛碛河段的鱼群生境现状.基于采砂前后实测地形,分析了洛碛河段采砂前后的地形、流速、水深等参数变...     

塔里木沙漠石油公路风沙危害

为了给沙漠石油公路防沙工程设计和未业公路养护提供科学依据,综合野外观测及风洞模拟实验资料,分析了塔里木沙漠石油公路风沙危害的形成,建立了风沙危害程度的评价模式,从而得出公路沿线的风沙危害具有如下时空分布规律：（１）在时间上,风沙危害主要集中于春、夏季节（４－９月）,其中４月份最强;（２）在空间上,愈向沙漠深入,风沙危害愈烈,风沙危害程度指数的理论估算值与风沙现象观测记录相吻合。     

石英砂负载β-FeOOH (ACS)吸附除Cr(Ⅵ)的机理分析

研究了吸附材料石英砂负载β-FeOOH(ACS)对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附机理.结果表明,Cr(Ⅵ)在ACS表面的吸附率随ACS表面Zeta电位的降低而显著降低,说明Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附以静电作用为主.石英砂负载β-FeOOH后表面Zeta电位由负变正,说明β-FeOOH在石英砂表面的负载改变了石英砂表面的电荷性质,也表明ACS能对Cr(Ⅵ)产生静电吸附.ACS吸附除Cr(Ⅵ)的能量色散X射线光谱(EDS)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)测定结果表明,ACS吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的过程发生了一定的离子交换作用,且吸附反应伴随着部分氧化还原反应的进行,氧提供电子,铁、铬接受电子,氧、铁分别起Lewis碱和Lewis酸的作用.     

Evaluation of soil microbial toxicity of waste foundry sand for soil-related reuse

The relationship between the chemical con- taminants and soil microbial toxicity of waste foundry sand （WFS） was investigated. Five different types of WFS from typical ferrous, aluminum, and steel foundries in China were examined for total metals, leachable metals, and organic contaminants. The soil microbial toxicity of each WFS was evaluated by measuring the dehydrogenase activity （DHA） of a blended soil and WFS mixture and then comparing it to that of unblended soil. The results show that the five WFSs had very different compositions of metal and organic contaminants and thus exhibited very different levels of soil microbial inhibition when blended with soil. For a given WFS blended with soil in the range of 10wt.%-50wt.% WFS, the DHA decreased almost linearly with increased blending ratio. Furthermore, for a given blending ratio, the WFSs with higher concentrations of metal and organic contaminants exhibited greater microbial toxicity. Correlation analysis shows that the relationship between ecotoxicity and metal and organic contaminants of WFSs can be described by an empirical logarithmic linear model. This model may be used to control WFS blending ratios in soil-related applications based on chemical analysis results to prevent significant inhibition of soil microbial activity.     

人工快速渗滤法处理小城镇污水的模拟试验研究

小城镇污水既是水资源的主要污染源,同时也是可利用水资源的重要组成部分,高效率、低成本的小城镇污水处理技术是农业生态安全和工程节水的急需。研究采用人工快速渗滤方法处理小城镇污水,在湿干比一定（湿干比1∶3）的条件下设3种填料比[V（土）∶V（砂）=1∶1、2∶1和3∶1）和3种不同水力负荷周期[短周期（0.5 d进水,1.5 d落干）、中周期（1 d进水,3 d落干）和长周期（3 d进水,9 d落干）]进行交叉试验。跟踪测定处理后水中COD、总磷、凯氏氮和铵氮的去除率。结果表明,系统的COD和总磷去除效果较好,最高去除率分别达到73.19%和54.86%。COD的去除受水力负荷周期影响较大,在长水力负荷周期条件下去除效率高,总磷的去除受水力负荷周期的影响小。系统对凯氏氮和铵氮的去除效率偏低,两者的最高去除率分别为46.67%和40.67%,均在长周期条件下取得。     

涂铁砂吸附镉的动力学研究

研究了10℃,20℃,40℃的温度下,涂铁砂(Iron oxide coated sand,简称IOCS)对镉的吸附动力学。镉在IOCS表面的吸附可分为两个阶段,吸附反应的前60min为快速吸附阶段,60min后,吸附速率明显变慢。温度升高加快了镉在IOCS表面的吸附速率。用Elovich动力学模型,准一级反应模型,准二级反应模型,二级反应模型和粒内扩散动力学模型对实验数据进行回归分析,准二级反应模型能更好地描述镉在IOCS表面的吸附,各吸附模型的模拟优劣顺序为:准二级模型>二级模型>Elovich模型>准一级模型>粒内扩散模型。