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991.
I. K. Rivier 《Russian Journal of Ecology》2005,36(3):179-192
For the first time, zooplankton and environmental factors have been studied in winter in the deep stratified lakes Siverskoe, Borodaevskoe, and Vydogoshch. The zooplankton consists of 18–22 species of rotifers, copepods, and cladocerans, including 15–18 specifically winter, cryophilic and eurythermic forms. The populations of zooplankters reproduce actively: males and egg-bearing females (in copepods), females with embryos and eggs in brood pouches (in cladocerans), and females with attached eggs (in rotifers) are present. In lakes Siverskoe and Borodaevskoe (depth 20–24 m), where oxygen deficiency is observed only in the bottom water layer, the zooplankton populates the greater part of the water column and forms a large aggregation in the oxycline and near the bottom. The abundance of bacteria in these zones is high (up to 4–6 × 106 cells/ml). In Lake Vydogoshch (depth 16 m), oxygen deficiency extends to the middle layers, and all zooplankton is distributed above the oxycline. The biomass of winter zooplankton in Lake Siverskoe in 1983 averaged 1.26 g/m3, with a maximum of 4 g/m3; in 1993, 1.4 and 8.04 g/m2; the respective values in Lake Borodaevskoe were 0.98 and 3.1 in 1983 and 0.14 and 1.6 in 1993; in Lake Vydogoshch, 0.15 and 0.24 in 1983 and 1.25 g/m3 in 1993. The development of winter zooplankton is limited by the size of the zone of oxygen deficiency and depends on the amount of food (bacterioplankton). The distribution of zooplankton in the water column and its biomass in individual layers is determined by the rate of methane formation and oxidation.__________Translated from Ekologiya, No. 3, 2005, pp. 201–214.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Rivier. 相似文献
992.
Ina Fickelscher Heike Starke Eberhard Schulze Günther Ernst Nadezda Kosyakova Hasmik Mkrtchyan Kay MacDermont Neil Sebire Thomas Liehr 《黑龙江环境通报》2007,27(8):783-785
A prenatally ascertained case with a de novo small supernumerary marker chromosome (sSMC) derived from chromosome 1 is reported. Due to a fetal heart defect the parents decided in favour of an induced abortion. Postmortem, a molecular cytogenetic study on eleven formalin fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues of the fetus was performed, to further characterize the levels of mosaicism of the sSMC(1). sSMC presence varied between 13 and 62% within different tissues of sSMC carriers. This finding is something common in sSMC carriers and could explain why up to the present no clinical correlations for sSMC mosaicism and clinical outcome in the corresponding carriers could be established. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
993.
Kimberly S. Caviness Garey A. Fox Patrick N. Deliman 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2006,42(3):617-627
ABSTRACT: The Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality uses the Steady Riverine Environmental Assessment Model (STREAM) to establish effluent limitations. While the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has approved of its use, questions arise regarding the model's simplicity. The objective of this research was to compare STREAM with the more commonly utilized Enhanced Stream Water Quality Model (QUAL2E). The comparison involved a statistical evaluation procedure based on sensitivity analyses, input probability distribution functions, and Monte Carlo simulation with site‐specific data from a 46‐mile (74‐km) reach of the Big Black River in central Mississippi. Site specific probability distribution functions were derived from measured rates of reaeration, sediment oxygen demand, photosynthesis, and respiration. Both STREAM and QUAL2E reasonably predicted daily average dissolved oxygen (DO) based on a comparison of output probability distributions with observed DO. Observed DO was consistently within 90 percent confidence intervals of model predictions. The STREAM approach generally overpredicted while QUAL2E generally matched observed DO. Using the more commonly assumed lognormal distribution as opposed to a Weibull distribution for two of the sensitive input parameters resulted in minimal differences in the statistical evaluations. The QUAL2E approach had distinct advantages over STREAM in simulating the growth cycle of algae. 相似文献
994.
995.
Paola Rivaro Carmela Ianni Serena Massolo Nicoletta Ruggieri Roberto Frache 《Chemistry and Ecology》2004,20(4):279-307
The main objective of this paper is to present vertical and horizontal patterns of dissolved oxygen and nutrients found during four seasonal surveys (March, June, September and December 2000) in the Southern Adriatic Sea coastal waters. The multivariate technique Principal Component Analysis has been applied to our dataset considering the following parameters: seawater temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen and nutrients (nitrate, nitrite, phosphate, silicate). The resulting plot shows in a self-explanatory way that a seasonal trend was not observable in the investigated period and that no significant differences occur between the stations sampled in the Taranto Gulf and those along the Adriatic coast. Water column stratification persists in all seasons, except in spring, in the shallowest stations. The surface layer is characterized by a low nutrient content. The influence of the Northern Adriatic Surface Water in the Southern Adriatic sub-basin seems to be very low and can be traced by nitrate and silicate only in spring and winter. Regarding deep waters, nitrate distribution shows an increasing gradient moving from the coast to the open sea, having the lowest concentration in the shelf area and the highest in the most offshore stations of the Otranto Strait. In the Otranto Strait area the vertical distributions of physical and chemical parameters show, at middle depths, the inflow of Levantine Intermediate Water, traced by both the maximum of salinity, nitrate and phosphate and the minimum of oxygen. The LIW signal is lost moving northward. The outflow of Adriatic Dense Water is less evident, being traced only in spring by an oxygen increase at the bottom layer in the shelf area. The N:P ratio is highly variable but in the range already observed in the Southern Adriatic, suggesting a P-limitation, which can both contribute to the low primary productivity of the area and support the N:P ratio anomaly of the Eastern Mediterranean. 相似文献
996.
Cumulative impact of marinas on estuarine water quality 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The purpose of this work is to present a modeling approach for assessing and managing the cumulative impact of marinas on estuarine systems. In doing so, both a water-quality model and a planning and management model are developed. The water-quality model predicts biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and fecal coliform (FC) loadings from marina sources in a hypothetical North Carolina estuary. By running the water-quality model repeatedly with varied loading input, impact coefficients are determined. These impact coefficients are used in the planning and management model, the output of which gives the sizes and locations of marinas in the estuarine system such that dissolved oxygen (DO) and FC water-quality standards are maintained.Five different estuarine development scenarios are considered. Each scenario is evaluated with respect to both maximum and uniform land development constraints. In addition, two alternative fecal coliform standards are used with each of the development options. 相似文献
997.
998.
有机气溶胶(OA)不仅是大气细颗粒物(PM2.5)的重要组成部分,其与臭氧(O3)污染也密切相关.采用气溶胶在线热脱附(TAG)系统对上海市城区秋冬季大气PM2.5中94种有机分子示踪物浓度进行了在线观测,分析了不同气流轨迹影响下有机气溶胶的组成分布特征以及大气氧化性对其生成的影响.结果表明,本地气团影响下的OA组成以饱和脂肪酸、不饱和脂肪酸和正构烷烃等指示一次来源的有机分子示踪物为主,偏北长距离输送影响下的OA则含有较高比例的生物质燃烧示踪物.与本地气团和长距离输送气团不同,海面气团携带的OA主要由二羧酸和羟基羧酸类指示二次来源的有机分子示踪物构成,其生成受光化学和液相氧化过程影响显著.进一步运用正定矩阵因子分解法(PMF)对PM2.5和OA污染来源进行解析,获得7类一次排放源和5类二次生成源,其中,二次硝酸盐对PM2.5浓度贡献率最为突出(25.2%),移动源则对OA浓度贡献率最高(24.0%).污染过程中,燃煤源、移动源和餐饮源等人为源及其相关的二次生成源(二次硝酸盐、二... 相似文献
999.
Sulfate aerosol contributes to particulate matter pollution and plays a key role in aerosol radiative forcing, impacting human health and climate change. Atmospheric models tend to substantially underestimate sulfate concentrations during haze episodes, indicating that there are still missing mechanisms not considered by the models. Despite recent good progress in understanding the missing sulfate sources, knowledge on different sulfate formation pathways during polluted periods still involves large uncertainties and the dominant mechanism is under heated debate, calling for more field, laboratory, and modeling work. Here, we review the traditional sulfate formation mechanisms in cloud water and also discuss the potential factors affecting multiphase S(Ⅳ) oxidation. Then recent progress in multiphase S(Ⅳ) oxidation mechanisms is summarized. Sulfate formation rates by different prevailing oxidation pathways under typical winter-haze conditions are also calculated and compared. Based on the literature reviewed, we put forward control of the atmospheric oxidation capacity as a means to abate sulfate aerosol pollution. Finally, we conclude with a concise set of research priorities for improving our understanding of sulfate formation mechanisms during polluted periods. 相似文献
1000.
为深入理解草原内陆河流域的水文循环过程及不同水体转化机制,以锡林河流域大气降水、河水和地下水为研究对象,对其氢氧稳定同位素进行了测试及多尺度时空特征分析,探究流域不同水体间的定量转化关系.结果表明:①锡林河流域具有明显的内陆性半干旱气候特征,大气降水是流域河水和地下水的主要补给源,地下水和河水同时经历了不同程度的非平衡蒸发;②河水同位素组成在季节上表现出春秋贫化、夏季富集的特征,在空间上表现为自上游到下游逐渐升高的趋势;浅层和深层地下水δ18O在生长季的波动变化基本一致,二者的主要差异发生在生长季末期,即前者趋于稳定而后者呈上升趋势,反映出深层地下水对大气降水和地表水入渗补给具有滞后响应,在空间上二者均由东南向西北逐渐贫化;③基于端元混合模型的估算结果可知,夏季大气降水和浅层地下水对河水的平均补给比例分别为52.69%和47.31%,说明对于内陆河流域,即使在多雨季节,浅层地下水也是河水的重要补给来源,研究旨在为半干旱典型草原内陆河流域的水资源调控和生态环境保护提供理论指导. 相似文献