密切值法在污水土地处理工程选址中的应用

本文对密切值法在污水土地处理工程选址中的应用进行了探讨，通过实例分分析看出该方法科学可行且简易。     

Design of a water quality monitoring network in a large river system using the genetic algorithm

Despite several decades of operations and the increasing importance of water quality monitoring networks, the authorities still rely on experiential insights and subjective judgments in siting water quality monitoring stations. This study proposes an integrated technique which uses a genetic algorithm (GA) and a geographic information system (GIS) for the design of an effective water quality monitoring network in a large river system. In order to develop a design scheme, planning objectives were identified for water quality monitoring networks and corresponding fitness functions were defined using linear combinations of five selection criteria that are critical for developing a monitoring system. The criteria include the representativeness of a river system, compliance with water quality standards, supervision of water use, surveillance of pollution sources and examination of water quality changes. The fitness levels were obtained through a series of calculations of the fitness functions using GIS data. A sensitivity analysis was performed for major parameters such as the numbers of generations, population sizes and probability of crossover and mutation, in order to determine a good fitness level and convergence for optimum solutions. The proposed methodology was applied to the design of water quality monitoring networks in the Nakdong River system, in Korea. The results showed that only 35 out of 110 stations currently in operation coincide with those in the new network design, therefore indicating that the effectiveness of the current monitoring network should be carefully re-examined. From this study, it was concluded that the proposed methodology could be a useful decision support tool for the optimized design of water quality monitoring networks.     

Uranium transport around the reactor zone at Bangombé and Okélobondo (Oklo): examples of hydrogeological and geochemical model integration and data evaluation

The sites at Bangombé and Okélobondo (Oklo) in Gabon provide a unique opportunity to study the behaviour of products from natural nuclear reactions in the vicinity of reactor zones which were active around two billion years ago. The Commission of the European Communities initiated the Oklo Natural Analogue Programme. One of the principal aims was to study indications of present time migration of elements from the reactor zones under ambient conditions. The hydrogeological and hydrochemical data from the Oklo sites were modelled in order to better understand the geochemical behaviour of radionuclides in the natural system, by using independent models and by comparing the modelling outcome. Two modelling approaches were used: M3 code (hydrochemical mixing and mass balance model), developed by the Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company (SKB) and HYTEC (reactive transport model) developed by Ecole des Mines de Paris.Two different reactor zones were studied: Bangombé, a shallow site, the reactor being at 11 m depth, and OK84 at Okélobondo, situated at about 450 m depth, more comparable with a real repository location. This allowed the validation of modelling tools in two different sedimentary environments: one shallow, with a more homogeneous layering situated in an area of meteoric alteration, and the other offering the opportunity to study radionuclide migration from the reaction zone over a distance of 450 m through very heterogeneous sedimentary layers.The modeling results indicate that the chemical reactions retarding radionuclide transport are very different at the two sites. At Bangombé, the decomposition of organic material consumes oxygen and at Okélobondo the oxygen is consumed by inorganic reactions resulting, in both cases, in uranium retardation. Both modelling approaches (statistic with M3 code and deterministic with HYTEC code) could describe this situation.The goal of this exercise is to test codes which can help to describe and understand the processes taking place at the sites, validate the models with in situ data, and thus build confidence in the tools used for future site characterization. Ultimately, this allows identifying and selecting processes and parameters that can be used as input into repository performance assessment calculations and modelling exercises.     

浅层地震技术在九江-黄梅长江冲积平原第四纪研究中的应用

在九江—黄梅长江冲积平原第四纪研究中运用浅层地震技术,于江西九江港口镇—湖北黄梅县新开镇段实测一条物探剖面,经过对横波反射、瑞雷面波、横波折射、电测深等物探资料的分析,结合区域地质、钻探记录进行综合研究,确定了5个地震波组,发现一组第四系断层,划分了四个主要地震地质层(Ⅱ—Ⅳ),为长江两岸第四纪沉积环境演化提供新材料。     

清河电厂河滩灰场植被重建技术的研究

阐述了电厂灰场植被覆盖技术的原理、实施方案和主要效益     

国外石油勘探开发工业的环境保护

英国，荷兰和挪威的石油勘探开发工业均设有完善的环境管理体系，在生产中严格控制污染排放，对采油废水，废泥浆，岩屑，噪声均有妥善的处理措施，在环境意识，环境管理，清洁生产，污染防治等方面，我国石油勘探一发业与国外发达国家相比仍存在一定差异。     

论"世界遗产"资源开发利用过程中的环境地质因素及其保护问题

现今随着人口剧增、科学技术进步和资源的不断开发利用,人类工程行为和经济活动已经成为巨大的地质营力,使得某些世界级文化遗产、自然遗产保护区的地质环境发生变化,所面临的资源、环境和可持续发展等方面压力极大。作者以周口店北京人遗址的现状为例,仅就“世界遗产”资源开发利用过程中的环境地质因素及其环境保护等具有共性的问题进行探讨。     

油基钻井液施工条件下井场HSE风险与防控

针对油基钻井液钻井施工特点,分析了作业过程中存在的火灾、燃爆、滑跌等安全风险,以及使用油基钻井液可能导致的环境污染和职业健康危害。结合现场实践,提出了油基钻井液钻井施工作业现场安全生产、环境保护和职业健康风险的防控对策,值得行业内油气勘探开发公司和工程服务公司借鉴。     

石油化工厂区地下环境污染评价程序与方法

简介了场地环境评价（ＥＳＡ）的涵义，法律背景，并结合在合资建设的某石化项目中的应用我，归纳了ＥＳＡ的工作程序，研究方法，质量保证及质量控制体系的特点，提出了在我国开展ＥＳＡ工作的必要性。     

东濮凹陷文西地区岩性油气藏勘探方法初探

随着构造油气藏的全面勘探,岩性油气藏已成为渤海湾盆地内各大油田进一步展开勘探的重要对象。本文根据对东濮凹陷文西地区文248块和文6块的地层、构造,以及油气水关系的综合研究,结合隐蔽油气藏勘探的原理,提出了岩性油气藏勘探的新方法———“滚动勘探法”,并已经在文西地区进行了应用,预计将取得较好的效果。