城市污泥的综合利用研究

城市污泥既是污染物又是一种资源 ,介绍了我国污泥处理的现状 ,分析了常用污泥处理方法存在的问题 ,并根据我国国情提出了污泥开发利用和资源化的途径。     

厌氧--好氧生物法治理酒精醪液

采用厌氧－－好氧生物法综合治理后，薯干醪液出水达到ＧＢ８９７８－８８规定的二级标准。该法在徐州市房亭酒厂得到了实际的应用。     

超深层曝气活性污泥法的应用

为了节省用地和动力费用,超深层曝气活性污泥法已较为广泛地用于工业废水和城市污水的处理。本文简要介绍其处理制糖工业废水和城市污水的若干问题。 1 在制糖工业废水处理中的应用 1.1 废水性质及工程设计制糖废水的性质,因产品的种类不同而异。一般有淀粉工序废水(主要是浸渍废水)、糖化工序废水(主要是离子交换树脂再生废水)、异构化工序废水(离子交换树脂再生废水)及制山梨醇废水等。以生产淀粉、葡萄糖、异构糖和山梨醇的精     

上海城市污泥成分特性及分析方法研究

采用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、能量色散X荧光分析仪、原子吸收光谱等现代分析技术对上海市某污水处理厂的污泥中复杂的化合物的形貌及其中无机化合物的物种进行了综合分析,并对其中痕量重金属的分子存在状态进行分析和评价。     

中空纤维膜生物反应器处理造纸废水

膜生物反应器是将膜分离技术与生物处理工艺相结合而开发的新型系统,是近年来新发展起来的高效废水处理技术。本实验采用了中空纤维膜组件和活性污泥反应器组成的分置式膜生物反应器,研究其在造纸废水处理中的特性影响因素。     

Inactivation and risk control of pathogenic microorganisms in municipal sludge treatment: A review

• Diversity and detection methods of pathogenic microorganisms in sludge. • Control performance of sludge treatment processes on pathogenic microorganisms. • Risk of pathogen exposure in sludge treatment and land application. The rapid global spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has promoted concern over human pathogens and their significant threats to public health security. The monitoring and control of human pathogens in public sanitation and health facilities are of great importance. Excessive sludge is an inevitable byproduct of sewage that contains human and animal feces in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). It is an important sink of different pollutants and pathogens, and the proper treatment and disposal of sludge are important to minimize potential risks to the environment and public health. However, there is a lack of comprehensive analysis of the diversity, exposure risks, assessment methods and inactivation techniques of pathogenic microorganisms in sludge. Based on this consideration, this review summarizes the control performance of pathogenic microorganisms such as enterovirus, Salmonella spp., and Escherichia coli by different sludge treatment technologies, including composting, anaerobic digestion, aerobic digestion, and microwave irradiation, and the mechanisms of pathogenic microorganism inactivation in sludge treatment processes are discussed. Additionally, this study reviews the diversity, detection methods, and exposure risks of pathogenic microorganisms in sludge. This review advances the quantitative assessment of pathogenic microorganism risks involved in sludge reuse and is practically valuable to optimize the treatment and disposal of sludge for pathogenic microorganism control.     

Agricultural recycling of treatment-plant sludge: a case study for a vegetable-processing factory

The present study evaluated the possibility of using the sludge produced by a vegetable-processing factory in agriculture. The sludge was amended with a soil mixture (i.e., a mixture of sand, soil, and manure) and was applied at 0, 165, 330, 495 and 660 t/ha to promote the growth of cucumbers. The effects of various sludge loadings on plant growth were assessed by counting plants and leaves, measuring stem lengths, and weighing the green parts and roots of the plants. We also compared heavy metal uptake by the plants for sludge loadings of 330, 495, and 660 t/ha with various recommended standards for vegetables. Our results showed that plant growth patterns were influenced to some extent by the sludge loadings. In general, the number of leaves, stem length, and dry weight of green parts exhibited a pronounced positive growth response compared with an unfertilized control, and root growth showed a lesser but still significant response at sludge loadings of 165 and 330 t/ha. The sludge application caused no significant increase in heavy metal concentrations in the leaves, though zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe) were found at elevated concentrations. However, despite the Zn and Fe accumulation, we observed no toxicity symptoms in the plants. This may be a result of cucumber's tolerance of high metal levels.     

污泥膨胀对MBR的影响试验研究

近年来,膜生物反应器(MBR)在废水处理领域得到了广泛的研究和应用,一般研究认为,膜的高效分离作用可以将微生物全部截留在反应器中,从而避免污泥膨胀对系统运行造成的不良影响。本文通过实验分析了膨胀污泥对MBR中污染物的去除效率。     

Rapid detection of multiple class pharmaceuticals in both municipal wastewater and sludge with ultra high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry

This work described the development, optimization and validation of an analytical method for rapid detection of multiple-class pharmaceuticals in both municipal wastewater and sludge samples based on ultrasonic solvent extraction, solid-phase extraction, and ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry quantification. The results indicated that the developed method could effectively extract all the target pharmaceuticals （25） in a single process and analyze them within 24 min. The recoveries of the target pharmaceuticals were in the range of 69%-131% for wastewater and 54%-130% for sludge at different spiked concentration levels. The method quantification limits in wastewater and sludge ranged from 0.02 to 0.73 ng/L and from 0.02 to 1.00μg/kg, respectively. Subsequently, this method was validated and applied for residual pharma- ceutical analysis in a wastewater treatment plant located in Beijing, China. All the target pharmaceuticals were detected in the influent samples with concentrations varying from 0.09 ng/L （tiamulin） to 15.24 μg/L （caffeine）; meanwhile, up to 23 pharmaceuticals were detected in sludge samples with concentrations varying from 60 ng/kg （sulfamethizole） to 8.55 mg/kg （ofloxacin）. The developed method demonstrated its selectivity, sensitivity, and reliability for detecting multiple-class pharmaceuticals in complex matrices such as municipal wastewater and sludge.     

Novel cationic polyamidine: Synthesis, characterization, and sludge dewatering performance

In this study, a new and facile route was employed for synthesis of polyamidine with abundant cations and attractive five-membered ringlike structural unit. N-vinylformamide and acrylonitrile copolymerized firstly to form intermediates, and the intermediates were processed with hydrochloric acid to produce polyamidine. A series of polymerization conditions (e.g. polymerization time, temperature and dosage of initiator) were optimized through productivity, viscosity and cationic degree as evaluation. SEM analysis illustrated that the amidinization process could reduce the size of spaces between molecular and created compact structure, which would contribute to good flocculation performance and high viscosity. FT-IR, XPS and NMR spectra presented a rather clear structure of polyamidine. 34.3% of sludge was sedimentated through the flocculation of polyamidine in the early stages. In contrast, only 6.8% of sludge was sedimentated by polyacrylamide. The moisture content in dehydrated floc could be reduced to 77.7% when 60 mg/L polyamidine was added. These results demonstrated that the polyamidine showed a great potential in the practical application of sludge dewatering.