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181.
Oxidation of inorganic contaminants by ferrates (VI, V, and IV)--kinetics and mechanisms: a review 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Sharma VK 《Journal of environmental management》2011,92(4):1051-1073
Inorganic contaminants are found in water, wastewaters, and industrial effluents and their oxidation using iron based oxidants is of great interest because such oxidants possess multi-functional properties and are environmentally benign. This review makes a critical assessment of the kinetics and mechanisms of oxidation reactions by ferrates (Fe(VI)O(4)(2-), Fe(V)O(4)(3-), and Fe(IV)). The rate constants (k, M(-1) s(-1)) for a series of inorganic compounds by ferrates are correlated with thermodynamic oxidation potentials. Correlations agree with the mechanisms of oxidation involving both one-electron and two-electron transfer processes to yield intermediates and products of the reactions. Case studies are presented which demonstrate that inorganic contaminants can be degraded in seconds to minutes by ferrate(VI) with the formation of non-toxic products. 相似文献
182.
Wastewater treatment practices should pay more attention to their environmental performances due to their resources consumption and emissions’ impact. While reclaimed water reuse seems to have become a promising practice, is it always feasible in any condition? To address this issue, this study carried out an extended emergy evaluation of a holistic wastewater treatment system. On one hand, this method was extended to include the emissions’ impact. On the other hand, this study integrated a wastewater treatment plant, its excess sludge disposal system and treated water disposal system into an integrated wastewater treatment system (IWTS), so as to evaluate its performances more completely. And then several indicators, including cost per unit pollutant eliminated (CUPE), ratio of positive output (RPO), environmental load ratio (ELR), and sustainability index (SI), were proposed for evaluating the performances of an IWTS. Two scenarios (scenario A: wastewater treatment + sludge landfilling + treated water discharges; scenario B: wastewater treatment + sludge landfilling + reclaimed water reuse) for a livestock wastewater treatment plant in Sichuan Agricultural University located in Ya’an City in Southwest China, as cases, were researched. The results show that scenario B has lower positive output efficiency and greater environmental load than scenario A. Meanwhile, the reclaimed water reuse raises cost per unit pollutant eliminated compared with the treated water being discharged directly; emissions’ impact enhances the environmental load of the two scenarios to different degree; emissions’ impact has decisive effect on the sustainability of the two scenarios. These results mean that the reclaimed water reuse should not be advocated in this case. This study provides some policy implications: (1) wastewater treatment process should be comprehensively evaluated from its resources consumption and impact of emissions; (2) reclaimed water reuse should be carefully evaluated from its pros and cons simultaneously; (3) the local conditions should be considered when implementing reclaimed water reuse, such as local water body conditions, market demands, the related laws and regulations, corporations’ economic conditions, etc. 相似文献
183.
Yiqun Chen Fang Yu Shengwen Liang Zongping Wang Zizheng Liu Ya Xiong 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2014,34(11):2014-2021
Three reactors, ordinary, greenhouse, and solar, were constructed and tested to compare their impacts on the composting of municipal sewage sludge. Greenhouse and solar reactors were designed to evaluate the use of solar energy in sludge composting, including their effects on temperature and compost quality. After 40 days of composting, it was found that the solar reactor could provide more stable heat for the composting process. The average temperature of the solar reactor was higher than that of the other two systems, and only the solar reactor could maintain the temperature above 55 °C for more than 3 days. Composting with the solar reactor resulted in 31.3% decrease in the total organic carbon, increased the germination index to 91%, decreased the total nitrogen loss, and produced a good effect on pot experiments. 相似文献
184.
Daijun ZHANG Cui BAI Ting TANG Qing YANG 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2011,5(2):291-297
Shortcut nitrification-denitrification, anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX), and methanogenesis have been successfully coupled in an Expanded Granular Sludge Bed-Biological Aerated Filter (EGSB-BAF) integrated system. As fed different synthetic wastewater with chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 300–1200 mg·L-1 and N H 4 + - N of 30–120 mg·L-1 at the outer recycle ratio of 200%, the influence of influent on ANAMMOX in the integrated system was investigated in this paper. The experimental results showed that higher COD concentration caused an increase in denitrification and methanogenesis but a decrease in ANAMMOX; however, when an influent with the low concentration of COD was used, the opposite changes could be observed. Higher influent N H 4 + - N concentration favored ANAMMOX when the COD concentration of influent was fixed. Therefore, low C O D / N H 4 + - N ratio would decrease competition for nitrite between ANAMMOX and denitrification, which was favorable for reducing the negative effect of organic COD on ANAMMOX. The good performance of the integrated system indicated that the bacterial community of denitrification, ANAMMOX, and methanogenesis could be dynamically maintained in the sludge of EGSB reactor for a certain range of influent. 相似文献
185.
城市下水道污水水质模型的开发与应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
建立了下水道水质转化概念模型,以ASM3(活性污泥3号模型)为基础开发了下水道污水水质数学模型,通过模拟试验,运用遗传算法和曲线拟合技术进行了模型率定与参数估值.模型经现场试验验证可较好地模拟下水道中的ρ(DO)与ρ(TOC)的变化.应用该模型进行数值模拟,探讨了初始ρ(DO)和水力停留时间(HRT)等可控因素对下水道中微生物作用及有机质降解的影响.结果表明,在下水道中设置曝气点,可提高污水的ρ(DO),能有效地提高微生物增殖速率,强化有机物的生化降解能力. 相似文献
186.
Yuan Meng Weiyi Liu Heidelore Fiedler Jinlan Zhang Xinrui Wei Xiaohui Liu Meng Peng Tingting Zhang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2021,15(5):104
187.
Chao Pang Chunhua He Zhenhu Hu Shoujun Yuan Wei Wang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2019,13(4):50
188.
Since the mid-1970s, Sweden has been depositing 1 million ton d.w sludge/year, produced at waste water treatment plants. Due to recent legislation this practice is no longer a viable method of waste management. It is necessary to improve existing and develop new sludge management techniques and one promising alternative is the dewatering and treatment of sludge in constructed wetlands. The aim of this study was to follow reduction of organic carbon, BOD and nutrients in an industrial sludge containing nitro-aromatic compounds passing through constructed small-scale wetlands, and to investigate any toxic effect such as growth inhibition of the common reed Phragmites australis. The result showed high reduction of all tested parameters in all the outgoing water samples, which shows that constructed wetlands are suitable for carbon and nutrient removal. The results also showed that P. australis is tolerant to xenobiotics and did not appear to be affected by the toxic compounds in the sludge. The sludge residual on the top of the beds contained low levels of organic carbon and is considered non-organic and could therefore be landfilled. Using this type of secondary treatment method, the amount of sludge could be reduced by 50-70%, mainly by dewatering and biodegradation of organic compounds. 相似文献
189.
190.
丝状菌在工业废水处理中的控制与有效利用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
任何活性污泥系统中都存在着丝状菌,在丝状菌与菌胶团细菌平衡生长时,不会发生膨胀污泥问题,只有当丝状菌生长超过菌胶团细菌时,就会出现污泥膨胀问题。丝状菌在工业废水中的有效控制与利用尤为重要。 相似文献