Modeling and optimization of activated sludge bulking for a real wastewater treatment plant using hybrid artificial neural networks-genetic algorithm approach

Prediction of sludge bulking is a matter of growing importance around the world. Sludge volume index (SVI) should be monitored to predict sludge bulking for a wastewater treatment plant. This study was an effort to develop hybrid artificial neural network-genetic algorithm models (MLPANN-GA and RBFANN-GA) to accurately predict SVI. Operating parameters, including MLVSS, pH, DO, temperature, TSS, COD and total nitrogen were the inputs of neural networks. Genetic algorithm was utilized in order to optimize weights and thresholds of the MLPANN and RFBANN models. Training procedures for SVI estimation were successful for both the MLPANN-GA and RBFANN-GA models. The training and validation models showed an almost perfect match between experimental and predicted values of SVI. The results indicated that with low experimental values of input data to train ANNs, the MLPANN-GA compared with the RBFANN-GA is more accurate due to higher coefficient of determination (R²) and lower root mean squared error (RMSE) values. The values of RMSE and R² for the optimal models approached 0 and 1, respectively. The mean average error for the ANN models did not exceed 3% of the input values of the measured SVI. The GA increased the accuracy of all the MLPANN and RBFANN models.     

盐酸法提取污泥中蛋白质过程的研究

为了探索剩余污泥中蛋白质的提取方法,采用盐酸和氢氧化钠对污泥中蛋白质进行了提取,并对提取液进行了紫外光谱分析。结果证明盐酸提取法更有利于污泥中蛋白质的提取操作,并可以保证蛋白质质量。随后,实验考察了温度、污泥浓度、盐酸浓度以及操作时间对提取液中蛋白质浓度的影响情况。结果表明:蛋白质浓缩随温度呈先慢后快的增加趋势,随污泥浓度呈线性增加趋势,随盐酸浓度呈先快后慢增加趋势,适当延长时间有利于提升提取液中的蛋白质浓度。     

复合硫杆菌生物淋滤对Mn去除的研究

通过利用复合硫杆菌(氧化亚铁硫杆菌和氧化硫硫杆菌)在不同接种量(5%,10%,20%)对市政污泥进行生物淋滤实验,探讨了淋滤过程中pH和氧化还原电位(ORP)、Mn的淋滤效果及淋滤过程中其形态的变化。结果表明:该方法能有效淋出污泥中的Mn,生物淋滤12d后,10%接种量反应器Mn的淋出率达到100%;Mn的淋出率受pH和ORP的双重影响,与pH和ORP的关系为:淋出率等于2.439-0.452pH-0.002ORP;各形态中Mn的可交换态和残渣态变化幅度大,从形态变化上表明该淋滤反应对Mn具有有效的淋出;Mn各形态的淋滤能力是:碳酸盐结合态>铁锰氧化物结合态>残渣态>有机物结合态。     

低成本的污泥燃料合成方法

通过研究污泥、煤以及干化剂的不同比例混合搅拌,测定混合后污泥的热值,结果表明:污泥、煤、干化剂的比例为:59%、36%、5%时,热值最高,混合燃料的热值可达到12762kJ/kg,满足电厂用煤热量要求,且污泥贡献的热值最高为5505kJ/kg;污泥采用高速搅拌的预处理方法后,相同配比的混合燃料其干化时间可节约1h以上。     

增加污水中挥发性脂肪酸以提高生物除磷效果的研究进展

VFA（挥发性脂肪酸）是生物除磷过程中的关键物质,并且不同VFA对生物除磷效果的影响也不相同。本文介绍了提高污水中VFA含量的几种方法,这些方法包括直接加入VFA、通过发酵污水产生VFA、发酵污水和初沉污泥产生VFA、发酵初沉污泥以及发酵初沉污泥和剩余污泥的混合物产生VFA等几种方法来提高生物除磷效率。目前国内外以发酵初沉污泥产生VFA的研究和应用较多。     

利用粉煤灰输送与贮存系统处置粘胶纤维污水场污泥的研究

通过对粘胶纤维污水场的中和脱锌污泥、二沉池剩余污泥和煤灰水混合体的沉降性能实验,证实其固液分离性能良好;吸附与渗透实验取得了粉煤灰、亚粘土对锌、汞的吸附等温线和地下水影响预测所需的参数;并分析了灰泥混合流体对电厂原输灰系统和环境的影响。研究结果表明：利用粉煤灰输送与贮存系统处置粘胶纤维污水场污泥的处理工艺在技术上可行,操作简单、运行可靠、投资少,每年可节省污泥处理费用40.5万元。外排污染物达到国家排放标准。     

Effect of sludge treatment on the bioaccumulation of nonylphenol in grass grown on sludge-amended soil

We studied the accumulation of p353-nonylphenol residues in the biomass of grass grown in soil amended with sewage sludge submitted to various conditioning/dewatering treatments. Incubation experiments were conducted growing Poa pratensis in sludge-amended soils and applying one ¹⁴C-labelled isomer of nonylphenol in the different systems. More metabolites than parent compounds were recovered in both roots and leaves of the grass. The type of sludge conditioning and dewatering treatment had a slight effect on the bioaccumulation of nonylphenol and its metabolites. When the grass was cultivated in soils amended with dewatered sludge without conditioning pretreatment, an increased accumulation was observed in the roots, while the final biomass of the grass was lower.     

循环式活性污泥法中好氧选择区的运行条件研究

研究了循环式活性污泥法好氧生物选择区的停留时间和整个系统中泥龄、污泥负荷、曝气时间等运行参数对选择区内微生物吸附性能的影响。结果表明 ,选择器停留时间 3 0 min,系统泥龄 9～ 15 d,曝气 2 h,污泥有机负荷为 0 .3 g CODCr/(g ML SS·d)左右时 ,选择器中微生物的吸附性能最优 ,可去除进水中 90以上的 CODCr。     

荆门市静脉产业园餐厨垃圾、市政污泥联合发酵系统主要监控指标及控制措施

荆门市静脉产业园餐厨垃圾、市政污泥采用联合发酵工艺,结合厌氧发酵机理。本文分析了餐厨垃圾、市政污泥联合发酵系统运行过程中温度、pH值、有机负荷、C/N、Na^+、VFA、VFA/碱度等关键影响因子,并提出了相应控制措施来确保联合发酵系统安全、稳定、高效的运行。     

Co-application of energy uncoupling and ultrafiltration in sludge treatment: Evaluations of sludge reduction,supernatant recovery and membrane fouling control

• Effects of metabolic uncouplers addition on sludge reduction were carried out. • TCS addition effectively inhibited ATP synthesis and reduced sludge yield. • The effluent quality such as TOC and ammonia deteriorated but not significantly. • Suitable dosage retarded biofouling during sludge water recovery by UF membrane. Energy uncoupling is often used for sludge reduction because it is easy to operate and does not require a significant amount of extra equipments (i.e. no additional tank required). However, over time the supernatant extracted using this method can deteriorate, ultimately requiring further treatment. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of using a low-pressure ultrafiltration membrane process for sludge water recovery after the sludge had undergone an energy uncoupling treatment (using 3,3′,4′,5-tetrachlorosalicylanilide (TCS)). Energy uncoupling was found to break apart sludge floc by reducing extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content. Analysis of supernatant indicated that when energy uncoupling and membrane filtration were co-applied and the TCS dosage was below 30 mg/L, there was no significant deterioration in organic component removal. However, ammonia and phosphate concentrations were found to increase as the concentration of TCS added increased. Additionally, due to low sludge concentrations and EPS contents, addition of 30–60 mg/L TCS during sludge reduction increased the permeate flux (two times higher than the control) and decreased the hydraulic reversible and cake layer resistances. In contrast, high dosage of TCS aggravated membrane fouling by forming compact fouling layers. In general, this study found that the co-application of energy uncoupling and membrane filtration processes represents an effective alternative method for simultaneous sludge reduction and sludge supernatant recovery.