Application of Neomysis awatschensis as a standard marine toxicity test organism in China

The small mysid crustacean Neomysis awatschensis was collected in the west coast of Jiaozhou Bay, Qingdao, China in 1992 and acclimated and cultured in laboratory conditions since then. Standard acute toxicity tests using 4--6 d juvenile mysids of this species were conducted and the results were compared with Mysidopsis bahia, a standard toxicity test organism used in the US in terms of their sensitivities to reference toxins, as well as their taxonomy, morphology and geographic distributions. Because of its wide distribution along the Chinese coast, similar sensitivity to pollutants as M. bahia, short life history, small size and the ease of handling, this study intended to use N-awatschensis as one of the standard marine organisms for toxicity testing in China. The species were applied to acute toxicity evaluations of drilling fluid and its additives, organotin TPT and toxic algae, and to chronic (life cycle) toxicity assays of organotin TPT and a toxic dinofalgellate Alexandrium tamarense, respectively. Using N. awatschensis as a standard toxicity testing organism in marine pollution assment in China is suegested.     

用醌式染料的合成反应光度法测定水中亚硝酸根

研究了以Ｎ，Ｎ－二甲基苯胺为偶联试剂，利用醌式染料的合成反应测定ＮＯ２＾－的新方法，ＮＯ２＾－在０￣１８．０μｇ／２５．０ｍＬ范围内服从比尔定律，方法具有较高的灵敏度和选择性。试剂及醌式染料具有更高的稳定性，且无试剂空白的影响，用于环境水中ＮＯ２＾－的测定，其结果与其他方法的测定结果一致。     

异烟酸——吡唑啉酮光度法测定水中氰化物方法的探讨

在用异烟酸-吡唑啉酮光度法测定水中氰化物时，用氢氧化钠代替，N，N-二甲基甲酰胺作为溶剂，配制吡唑啉酮作试验，结果表明，改进法代替标准法是可行的，且改进后的显色剂较原显色剂稳定。     

城市污水厂二级生物处理出水氯消毒影响因素研究

进行了城市污水厂二级生物处理出水氯消毒影响因素研究,结果表明:对次氯酸钠,二氧化氯消毒效果影响最大的是pH,其次是有机氮,COD,氨氮的影响相对较小。运用Selleck-Collins公式对数据进行分析。     

调质碳酸钙硫化机理的实验研究

对经Na2CO3溶解调质后石灰石煅烧、硫化特性进行了研究，发现调质后石灰石比未经调质石灰石具有更快的煅烧分解速率。CO2浓度变化对调质CaO硫化效果的影响程度要比未经调质CaO更为明显。调质CaO比调质前具有更高的最终钙转化率，但脱硫剂微观结构测定表明，调质CaO比表面积和孔隙率均小于同等条件下获得的未经调质CaO比表面积和孔隙率。利用X－衍射技术对CaO晶体结构进行了测定，对比晶格畸变度等参数并综合煅烧、硫化及脱硫剂孔特性，提出了调质CaO硫化反应机理为：前期为化学反应控制阶段，后期为离子扩散控制阶段。应用分形理论对CaO分形维数进行了计算，发现随CO2浓度的增加，无论调质与否得到的CaO，分形维数均呈下降趋势。     

新农药单甲脒对棉花的生态生理影响

两年的研究结果表明：单甲脒推荐浓度－稀释１０００倍对棉花的生理机能有些促进作用，其水分利用效率正常；其他处理浓度对光合速率也无不良影响，对气孔开度、蒸腾速率仅在施药初期略有抑制，半衰期后抑制消失，稀释５００倍以下各处理水分利用效率受到不同程度的抑制。单甲脒在棉叶残留量最多，伴随着叶片的Ｎ、Ｐ含量也略增加，可认为适量的施用单甲脒不仅能防治虫害、且能促进棉花的光合速率从而提高了干物质生产。     

光照、温度和营养盐对滇池微囊藻生长的影响

研究了光照、温度与营养盐对滇地铜绿微囊藻（Ｍｉｃｒｏｃｙｓｔｉｓａｅｒｕｇｉｎｏｓａ）生长的影响。实验表明，在５００～５０００ｌｘ光强范围内，随光强增加，比增殖速率加大；在２２～３５℃区间内，比增殖速率随温度的升高而增加，且温度的影响大于光照；氮磷比（Ｎ／Ｐ）值在５～１０范围内，比增殖速率变化较大，Ｎ／Ｐ值为１４．５时，比增殖速率达最大值。滇池湖水的氮磷比值为１４．４左右，与实验值相接近。根据实验结果及限制因子的定义，总体上讲，滇池中磷是藻类生长的主要限制因子，控制滇池富营养化应以控制磷为主。     

Residual benefits of promiscuous soybean to maize (Zea mays L.) grown on farmers’ fields around Minna in the southern Guinea savanna zone of Nigeria

Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) by promiscuous cultivars of soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) in cereal-based cropping systems of Nigeria’s moist savanna zone offers a potential for minimizing the investment made by resource-poor farmers on nitrogen fertilizers. A 3-year trial was conducted on five farmers’ fields in the southern Guinea savanna zone of Nigeria to assess the residual effects of two successive crops of promiscuous soybean cultivars on the yield of a following maize (Zea mays L.) crop. The soybean cultivars, TGX1456-2E (medium maturity) and TGX1660-19F (late maturity), were grown in 1996 and 1997. Treatments, imposed only in the first year of the trial, were: (i) uninoculated, (ii) inoculated with a mixture of two Bradyrhizobium strains, and (iii) fertilized with 60 kg N ha⁻¹. A fourth treatment was a plot left to fallow. In 1998, all the previous soybean and fallow plots were sown to maize without any fertilizer application. Results in 1996 and 1997 showed a soybean response to inoculation in the first year, but differences due to the residual effect of inoculation in the second year were not significant. Both cultivars showed a similar response to inoculation but responses at the five sites were varied. Soybean cultivar 1456-2E fixed 43–52% of its N amounting to 56–70 kg N ha⁻¹ and cultivar 1660-19F derived 39–54% of its N from N₂-fixation which amounted to 51–78 kg N ha⁻¹. Both cultivars had a high N harvest index resulting in a net removal of 52–95 kg N ha⁻¹ when both grain and stover were exported. Even when the stover was returned, there was a depletion of 23–65 kg N ha⁻¹, with 1456-2E removing more N than 1660-19F. Arbuscular-mycorrhizal infection on maize roots was 11–27% and dependent on previous soybean treatments and farmers’ fields. Plant height, shoot biomass, grain yield, and N uptake of maize were significantly greater in plots previously sown to soybean than in the fallow plots. In general, plots sown to the late maturing cultivar 1660-19F exhibited better residual effect, producing larger yield parameters than the plots planted with medium maturing 1456-2E.     

δ~(15)N和δ~(18)O指标识别环境中N_2O生成机理

δ15N和δ18O指标在识别环境N2 O生成机理中具有重要的作用。本文主要讨论δ15N指标在识别海洋、土壤和污染水体N2 O生成机理中的作用 ;分析硝化和反硝化作用引起的同位素分馏特征 ;并对δ18O指标的应用进行了探讨。     

碳源及碳氮比对异养反硝化微生物异养反硝化作用的影响

碳源(甘油和柠檬酸钠)及碳氮比对纯培养的异养反硝化菌HP1 (Pseudomonasalcaligenes)异养反硝化能力影响的试验表明,碳源种类对硝酸还原酶活性没有明显影响,对氧化亚氮还原酶活性有影响。批式培养方式下最适C/N为8,菌株HP1可以利用NO-3 作为唯一氮源进行反硝化作用,证明HP1至少有2种硝酸还原途径。连续培养方式下温度对菌株HP1异养反硝化作用中间产物的积累有影响,不同C/N时均有NH+4 积累,C/N为3时还有NO-2 的积累。