关于工业危险废物固化与浸出试验的研究

工业危险废物在进行安全填埋前，需进行稳定化／固化处理，以减少毒性。本文主要是通过对几种工业固体废物固化与浸出实验的分析与研究，优化出理想的固化方案和固化工艺参数。     

油田污水站废泥浆的污染评价及无害化固化

为解决油田污水站产生的废泥浆的污染问题，选取胜利油田滨一污水站的泥浆进行污染物分析，检测结果的评价结论是：污水站的泥浆不属于危险固体废弃物，对土壤的污染因子主要是石油类；浸出液对水环境的污染因子为石油类、COD、BOD、挥发酚；大量可溶性无机盐会加剧周边土壤的盐碱化。简易、经济的处置方法是将污泥直接固化，既可锵决污泥的污染问题，也为污泥再利用提供了途径。     

有害废弃物几种固化方法

木文介绍了有害废弃物５种固化—稳定化方法，并给出实例以及固化效果的影响因素分析．     

湖北某重金属污染土壤稳定化/固化治理工程实例

为保证南水北调水源地水质安全,该项工程对湖北省郧县境内4个关停搬迁企业原址约16万m3重金属污染土壤进行了修复治理。污染土壤清挖标准为《展览会用地土壤环境质量标准》(HJ350—2007)A级标准,污染土壤无害化处理验收标准为浸出液浓度低于《地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838—2002)中IV类水体标准值。工程采用异位稳定化/固化技术对重金属污染土壤进行了无害化处理,所用稳定化/固化药剂为施工单位自主研发的硫系和铁系稳定化药剂;无害化处理后的近20万m3土壤采用安全填埋进行处置。工程的成功实施为南水北调库区水质安全提供了有力保障。     

Effect of calcite on Pb-doped solidified waste forms in leaching

The alkalinity of cementitious materials rectifies a low pH of leachant to be over 12 in leaching. The rapid change of leachant pH produces the remarked variation of solubility of heavy metals in the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure. The release of lead on cementitious solid waste forms in leaching was observed in the pH range of particularly 12. The release of lead is significant dependant on the changed values of leachant pH. The pH static leaching procedure (PSLP) was implemented for assessing a quantitative measurement of total potential leachability with the continuing addition of acidic leachant up to the point of no change of leachant pH. The release of lead on Pb-doped solidified waste forms (SWF), in the PSLP, was 27.0% of initial concentration at the maximum meq CH₃COOH (about 24.0) added to g dry solidified wastes. In this study, the immobilization effect of calcite on SWF was investigated in the acidic condition by the PSLP. Calcite additions to SWF make a good fixation efficiency of about 92%. Calcite addition abundantly provides the acid neutralization capacity to protect SWF from the attack of acid, with the marked development of hydrated minerals (mainly portlandite and C–S–H) in accordance with the accelerating effect of cement hydration.     

垃圾焚烧飞灰熔融过程中重金属的固化机理以及熔渣浸出特性的研究

研究了中国垃圾焚烧飞灰中主要重金属在熔融过程的固定化机理,定义了固定率这个参数来表征此过程。采用了中国和美国的危险废物浸出毒性鉴别方法来判别飞灰及其熔融渣的浸出毒性。研究结果表明,固定率能够较好地表征重金属在熔融过程不同温度阶段的固定情况;按照中国和美国废物浸出毒性鉴别标准,飞灰熔融处理后的熔渣不属于危险废物,具备资源化利用的条件。     

汞污染土壤治理修复技术研究进展

总结了国内外土壤Hg环境质量标准限值,比较了中国和美国对汞污染土壤处理技术规定;在此基础上对热脱附、固化/稳定化、化学萃取和植物修复等Hg污染土壤治理修复进行了综述,总结了各技术的特点、优势和局限,可为我国汞污染土壤治理修复技术研究和工程实践提供参考。     

Generalising two-phase homogeneous equilibrium pipeline and jet models to the case of carbon dioxide

The safety of high pressure pipelines is nowadays routinely analysed using simple integral models to predict the nature of a release following a possible breach. Where two-phase flow may result, models making the assumption of homogeneous equilibrium between liquid and gas phases have been used successfully. In the case of a pipeline carrying carbon dioxide, however, solidification of a significant amount of the gas (owing to its high triple point pressure) is a distinct possibility, necessitating consideration of gas, liquid, and solid phases. This paper shows how integral models of two-phase flow can be generalised to accommodate the solid phase, and investigates some of the details of the flow where the triple point pressure occurs and partial solidification begins. It is shown that two-phase homogeneous equilibrium flow models may be generalised straightforwardly to cover the case of carbon dioxide, and some features are seen to emerge independently of more detailed flow modelling considerations.     

含铜含镍电镀污泥的综合利用

提出了含铜含镍电镀污染综合利用的工艺流程，并用试验考察了各工序的技术经济指标。试验结果表明，铜粉品位大于90％，铜的回收率大于95％，硫酸镍质量达到工业一级，镍回收率大于80％，浸出渣和净化渣经固化处理后可作普通建筑材料使用，工艺过程产生的废水可以达标排放。     

硫化砷渣的固化/稳定化处理

为了解决硫化砷渣对环境的污染,采用了单因素分析法,研究了飞灰、三氧化二铁、PFS、磷酸钠、硫酸亚铁和水泥对硫化砷渣的固化/稳定化效果,研究结果表明:当飞灰加入量为硫化砷渣质量的9倍、水泥的加入量为硫化砷渣质量的4倍、三氧化二铁加入量为硫化砷渣质量的20%、磷酸钠加入量为硫化砷渣质量的10%时,对处理后的样品使用HJ/T 299—2007《固体废物浸出毒性浸出方法硫酸硝酸法》浸出,浸出液中砷的质量浓度为1.12 mg/L,浸取液的p H值为11.5,达到了危险废物填埋污染控制标准。