太湖流域面源污染控制对策研究

近年来.随着点源污染得到逐步治理,面源污染已成为水体富营养化的主要污染源,本文介绍了太湖流域面源 污染的现状,分析了其构成,列举了国内外目前治理面源污染的一些措施,并就太湖流域面源污染的特点提出了一些控制 治理对策。     

Quantifying the characteristics of particulate matters captured by urban plants using an automatic approach

It is widely accepted that urban plant leaves can capture airborne particles. Previous studies on the particle capture capacity of plant leaves have mostly focused on particle mass and/or size distribution. Fewer studies, however, have examined the particle density, and the size and shape characteristics of particles, which may have important implications for evaluating the particle capture efficiency of plants, and identifying the particle sources. In addition, the role of different vegetation types is as yet unclear. Here, we chose three species of different vegetation types, and firstly applied an object-based classification approach to automatically identify the particles from scanning electron microscope(SEM)micrographs. We then quantified the particle capture efficiency, and the major sources of particles were identified. We found(1) Rosa xanthina Lindl(shrub species) had greater retention efficiency than Broussonetia papyrifera(broadleaf species) and Pinus bungeana Zucc.(coniferous species), in terms of particle number and particle area cover.(2) 97.9% of the identified particles had diameter ≤10 μm, and 67.1% of them had diameter ≤2.5 μm. 89.8% of the particles had smooth boundaries, with 23.4% of them being nearly spherical.(3) 32.4%–74.1% of the particles were generated from bare soil and construction activities, and 15.5%–23.0% were mainly from vehicle exhaust and cooking fumes.     

Ambient volatile organic compounds at a receptor site in the Pearl River Delta region: Variations, source apportionment and effects on ozone formation

We present the continuously measurements of volatile organic compounds（VOCs） at a receptor site（Wan Qing Sha, WQS） in the Pearl River Delta（PRD） region from September to November of 2017. The average mixing ratios of total VOCs（TVOCs） was 36.3 ± 27.9 ppbv with the dominant contribution from alkanes（55.5%）, followed by aromatics（33.3%）. The diurnal variation of TVOCs showed a strong photochemical consumption during daytime,resulting in the formation of ozone（O₃）. Five VOC sources were ...     

上海市大气颗粒物高浓度区污染物的源解析

应用受体模式的化学质量平衡法支９个监测点的大气颗粒物进行污染源的源解析，得出这９个监测点的各类污染源平均贡献率为建筑尘占３２．１％，土壤尘占２７．５％，钢铁尘占２４．９％，燃煤尘占１４．８％，汽车尘和燃油尘分别占０．２％和０．４％。     

气溶胶中多环芳烃的污染源识别方法

文章评述了气溶胶中多环芳烃污染源类型识别的几种方法,即:比值法、轮廓图法、特征化合物法和多元统计方法等.比值法简单可行,应用较多,但常因苯并(a)芘的不稳定性而带来误差,建议与轮廓图法、特征化合物法等配合使用,多元统计法要求样品数多,并且运算复杂,目前应用尚不多见,但其潜力很大。      

“三江”河源地区主要河流的水资源特征

该文在长江、黄河、澜沧江河源地区水资源特征分析研究的基础上,重点对河源地区主要河流的水化学特征进行了较为全面的研究。分析了各干、支流河水的主要离子成分、水化学类型、河水的矿化度、总硬度、总碱度以及河水的主要微量元素组成。并根据中国生活饮用水水质标准和工农业生产用水标准的要求,对“三江”河源地区主要河流的水质状况进行了评价。     

秦皇岛市大气颗粒物来源解析研究

对秦皇岛海港区和山海关区的颗粒物来源进行了定性识别和定量解析。并考察了重点污染源——我国最大的煤码头秦皇岛港煤码头对市区扬尘和TSP中的碳的影响。得出秦皇岛市海港区和山海关区TSP主要来源为风沙、扬尘,其次为燃煤飞灰和海盐尘。气象条件特别是风向对TSP各源分担率的影响很大,秦皇岛市煤码头是该区域TSP中碳的主要来源。不同气象条件下,煤码头对海港区和山海关区的影响程度明显不一样。      

上海市雨水污染控制初探

水环境的严重污染和饮用水资源的匮乏，已对上海市的持续发展构成了直接和潜在威胁。在借鉴国外雨水处理利用的研究，应用成果，综合考虑上海市水环境，城市建设及经济发展现状和地区特点的基础上，对上海地区城市雨水污染及其特性，控制雨水污染措施等作了阐述。     

哈尔滨市功能区噪声变化趋势分析

根据哈尔滨市四类功能区噪声监测数据,对哈尔滨市功能区噪声变化趋势进行了分析,得出1、3、4类功能区噪声Leq平均值均较稳定,2类功能区遍布广泛,声源复杂,突发噪声较频繁。     

组织如何开展环境因素识别与评价工作

本文总结了环境因素识别和评价工作的经验,在环境因素识别和评价的策划、识别评价方法的选择、环境因素识别和更新等方面提出了具体做法。