High genetic diversity of the symbiotic dinoflagellates in the coral Pocillopora meandrina from the South Pacific

Symbioses between dinoflagellates in the genus Symbiodinium (commonly referred to as zooxanthellae) and scleractinian corals are an essential feature for the maintenance of coral reefs. The fine-scale diversity and population structure of the zooxanthellae inhabiting the coral Pocillopora meandrina, a major reef building species in Polynesia, was examined. We used two polymorphic microsatellites to study seven populations from the South Pacific, whose host structuring has been previously investigated. The symbionts of P. meandrina showed high levels of diversity, with more than one zooxanthella genotype being identified in most of the host individuals. Genetic differentiation between symbiont populations was detected at a large scale (2,000 km) between the Tonga and the Society Archipelagos. Within the Society Archipelago, the two most remote populations (Tahiti and Bora-Bora; 200 km apart) were only weakly differentiated from each other. Statistical tests demonstrated that the symbiont genetic structure was not correlated with that of its host, suggesting that dispersal of the symbionts, whether they are transported within a host larva or free in the water, depends mainly on distance and water currents. In addition, the data suggests that hosts may acquire new symbionts after maternal transmission, possibly following a disturbance event. Lastly, the weak differentiation between symbiont populations of P. verrucosa and P. meandrina, both from Moorea, indicated that there was some host-symbiont fine-scale specificity detectable at the genetic resolution offered by microsatellites.     

中国岩溶生态地质研究

因自然地理条件特殊，中国南方岩溶区形成组构相对脆弱的岩溶多重介质环境。加上不适当的认为干扰，岩溶多重介质环境遭受严重破坏，导致各类物种急剧减少或消失。文章主要对岩溶多重介质环境的脆弱性、水资源合理开发利用、土壤质量、生态承载力、化学元素迁移演变规律和人类参变作用等方面进行了讨论；针对上述问题提出了解决方案，即划分岩溶多重介质环境结构和功能区，并结合数学物理模型和实验，建立岩溶生态地质研究系统理论框架和实用技术方法库，使岩溶生态地质研究走上科学、合理的轨道。     

中国可持续发展指标体系研究进展

分析了中国可持续发展指标体系的不同研究方法，基本框架，具体指标的构成和数量，不同层次的案例研究，及有关国际合作项目；提出了合作要 计算方法，指标合成有基础资料，统计口径等技术关键。     

On the study of aerosol composition at the Great Wall Station, South Pole

The South pole aera offers one of the best locations on the Earth for studying the composition of the background aerosol. For this purpose, aerosol samples were collected in particle size fractions by 8 stages cascade impactors. Aerosol sampling was begun in Jan. and finished in Dec. 1986 at the St. Great Wall, South Pole. The samples were analysed by Proton Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) method. In order to learn the enrichment factors of various elements all the results were separated into two groups: coarse (> 10μm) and fine (< 10μm) particles. The correlation coefficients of elements of both coarse and fine particles were discussed. The aerosol levels measured at St. Great Wall were compared to those recently measured at some other locations. It can be concluded the South Pole is a good background area on the Earth.     

环太平洋陆缘成矿带区段对比及中国东南找矿思路

环太平洋陆缘弧系按其演化历史不同可分为挤压型、盆岭型和裂解型三种。不同类型弧系的不同区段金属成矿分带互有差别,甚至相反,其主要原因在于:1.构造演化历史不同,板块俯冲的势态不同;2.火山岩系列和火山岩组合,花岗岩成因类型及其发育程度和分布特征不同;3.地壳厚度和结构、基底杂岩的性质、基底构造特点和基底所赋存时代较老的金属矿化不同。在对比环太平洋成矿带各区段金属成矿特征的基础上,提出中国东南Au、Cu找矿的战略目标应在浙中闽西,江南古陆南缘和长江中下游;矽卡岩型Pb-Zn-Ag矿在浙闽沿海火山岩区有一定远景;裂谷式火山构造洼地可成为浅成热液贵金属和有色金属矿化的远景地段。     

江南复合混杂岩带基本特征

江南复合混杂岩带是扬子板块与华夏板块长期活动所致，构造极为复杂。江南大地构造重新划分为三个1级构造单元：扬子板块、江南复合混杂岩带及华夏板块。江南复合混杂岩带又可进一步划分II级构造单元5个(宜丰一景德镇一歙县构造混杂岩亚带、万年构造单元、赣东北蛇绿混杂岩亚带、怀玉构造单元及丰城一鹰潭一龙游构造混杂岩亚带)；各构造单元之间以构造(蛇绿)混杂岩亚带或韧性剪切带相拼接。沿宜丰一景德镇一歙县发育一条构造花岗岩浆带；而沿赣东北断裂带形成了该区重要的燕山期构造岩浆带及Cu、Au、Ag、Pb、zn及金刚石等成矿带。     

北京及近中国海春季沙尘气溶胶浓度变化规律的研究

对北京和近中国海气溶胶观测资料的统计分析表明，沙尘气溶胶浓度呈现显的年示变化，该变化与沙尘源区及主要输送通道上的气象条件密切相关。运用多元线性回归分析结合气溶胶观测资料和气象资料计算了北京春季沙尘气溶胶家度。结果表明１９７１－１９９５年北京春季沙尘气溶胶浓度总体呈递砬趋势，但进入九十年代，这种递减趋势有所减缓。     

苏北沿海沉积物的化学组成和重金属特征

苏北沿海沉积物的主要矿物组成为石英、伊利石、高岭石和绿泥石，主元素化学成分变化较大，反映沉积物物质组成差异大。重金属元素分析显示，Cd的富集系数明显高于其它元素，较高的还有Cu和Cr，Hg元素大多低于背景值；连云港、射阳、启东三个地方的变异系数较高，反映它们受人类活动影响大。比较连云港区沉积物不同时间的重金属含量发现，几乎所有重金属都明显增加，特别是新港区。对照沉积物质量标准，Cr的污染最严重，其次是Cd、Cu和As。     

中国能源消费与温室气体排放预测分析

构造了中国18个部门的能源—经济—环境投入产出模型,分析了能源消耗系数的变动规律,对2020年我国能源消费量与温室气体排放量进行了预测。结果表明:我国2020年的能源消费总量为29.5亿t(标准煤),等于1990年的299％,1995年的229％;煤炭消费最为26亿t,石油消费量为4.1亿t,天然气消费量为1420亿m~3,水电6400亿kW·h;能源消费弹性系数为0.43左右;CO_2排放量为17.50亿t(碳当量)。