自然粒度下渤海沉积物中有机碳的地球化学特征

对渤海三个典型海域6个站位柱状沉积物自然粒度下的有机碳（OC）进行了研究，探讨了有机碳的垂直分布特征及其氧化还原环境（Eh^0,Es^0,Fe^3 /Fe^2 比值）因素对渤海沉积物中有机碳的影响，渤海自然粒度沉积物中的有机碳含量在0.39-0.86%之间，一般在表层-次表层含量变化较剧烈，在下层变化较缓，相关分析说明，在中层，一般沉积物的还原性相比表层有增强，氧化环境与还原环境共存，有机质被氧化，OC浓度变得趋于减小，Fe^3 /Fe^2 也趋于减小，二者有明显的正相关；在下层，还原环境占据了主导地位，导致大量OC不能被氧化，就被保存了下来，而Fe^3 /Fe^2 却明显减小，所以在下层OC-Fe^3 /Fe^2 呈较强的负相关；在表层又掺杂了生物化学与物理扰动等因素，使OC-Fe^3 /Fe^2 的相关性变得复杂，且不规律，表层-次表层OC主要取决于物质来源和物理搅动，变化较复杂；中，下层主要受氧化还原环境影响，矿化作用明显，有机碳含量逐渐降低；下层除C3区和A区外，有机碳含量也逐步降低。有机碳含量不同层次受不同的物质来源，沉积环境，氧化还原进程与不同的生物化学过程共同影响，从C区的断面分布看，表层-次表层呈垂直叠层分布，主要是逐步垂直沉降沉积的结果。25cm以下呈水平推进式梯度分布，可能由于特殊的沉积事件如大洪水冲刷沉积而致。     

渤海湾大气微生物粒子沉降量的研究

对渤海湾大气微生物粒子沉降量子测定，结果表明：测定大气中海洋性细菌真菌，，总菌粒子沉降量及真菌／总菌百分比分别为１７７４．５、３８９．１、２１６３．６ＣＦＵ／ｍ＾３和１８．０。陆源性细菌，真菌，总菌粒子沉降量及真菌／总菌百分比为１３７７．９４、４４０．６、１８１８．５ＣＦＵ／ｍ＾３和２４．２。海上大气中所含的海洋性微生物总量较大，仍有不少陆源性微生物。这意味着陆源污染和人群活动对近岸海区大气的影响     

渤海和黄海北部地区负积温资源的时空分布特征

论文以日平均气温≤-4℃的累积值和日数作为与海冰有关的气候指标,统计了渤海和黄海北部沿岸及其邻近地区52个气象站≤-4℃积温和日数的逐年资料,并根据52个气象站的气候指标值与经度、纬度、海拔高度的相关关系,建立空间分布方程,推算无资料海区中214个网格点的≤-4℃积温和日数,绘制渤海和黄海北部地区≤-4℃积温和日数分布图。研究结果表明:≤-4℃积温的空间分布呈现南北差异大、东西变化小的特征,-100℃等值线与渤海和黄海北部常年冰情分布范围大致相当;冰情较重的偏重低温年、严重低温年的≤-4℃积温保证率在黄海北部和辽东湾不超过40%,在渤海湾和莱州湾只有20%以下。     

深海采矿对海洋生态系统影响的评价Ⅰ. 上层生态系统

根据现有试验规模及资料分析了深海采矿对上层海洋生态系统的潜在影响。结果表明：深海采矿对上层环境，如悬浮颗粒物质增加、光衰减、冷的底层水与表层水混合、表层水中营养盐、痕量金属、海水密度等都有一定影响，但是不足以危及上层生态系统。尽管这些结果是令人欣慰的，但由于这些试验的规模和持续的时间是十分有限的，为了更充分地评估深海采矿对海洋生态系统的潜在影响，需要进行进一步的模拟实验和更大规模商业开采的现场监测。     

辽宁省地下水环境问题

为制定辽宁省地下水环境保护对幕提供科学依据，在辽宁省地下水问题调查的基础上，对辽宁省地下水超采、海水入侵、地下水污染环境变化趋势等进行了分析。     

辽东湾北部浅水区海水腐蚀试验研究

针对辽东湾北部海域水浅、潮差大等海洋环境特点，采用D钢、DH钢和API5LX—52钢在现场进行了时间分别为1a、2a的长尺挂片实验，得到了该浅水海域全浸区海水腐蚀特别严重的结论(上述三种钢材腐蚀速率分别为0．7068、0．4735和0．5491mm／a)，为在辽东湾北部及具有相似特征的海域建设海工结构物或钻井平台等的防腐工作提供了参考依据。     

Water sharing agreements sustainable to reduced flows

By signing a water sharing agreement (WSA), countries agree to release an amount of river water in exchange for a negotiated compensation. We examine the vulnerability of such agreements to reduced water flows. Among all WSAs that are acceptable to riparian countries, we find out the one which is self-enforced under the most severe drought scenarios. The so-called upstream incremental WSA assigns to each country its marginal contribution to its followers in the river. Its mirror image, the downstream incremental WSA, is not sustainable to reduced flow at the source. Self-enforcement problems can be solved by setting water releases and compensations contingent to water flow. We apply our analysis to the Aral Sea Basin. We compute the upstream incremental compensations for the Bishkek agreement and asses its vulnerability with historical flows.     

Recent Changes in the Hydrobiology of the Aral Sea

Since 1992 attempts have been made to isolate and conserve the northern part of the Aral Sea of means of a dam. Changes in the main aquatic communities between 1985 and 1994 based on field work, laboratory investigations and literature surveys are described and the future prospects for the region are discussed.     

Spatial and temporal distribution of atmospheric mercury species over the Adriatic Sea

Field measurements of atmospheric mercury and related species were carried out during an intensive cruise campaign performed over the Adriatic sea from October 26th to November 12th, 2004 on board the R/V Urania. Hg⁰ ranged between 0.8 and 3.3 ng/m³ with an average of 1.6 ± 0.4 ng/m³ over the entire period. Hg(II) concentrations ranged from 0.1 to 62.8 pg/m³ with an average of 6.7 ± 11.7 pg/m³ whereas Hg-p levels were in a range of 0.04 and 51 pg/m³ with an average of 4.5 ± 8 pg/m³. Higher Hg⁰ and Hg-p concentrations were observed in the Gulf of Venice and Gulf of Trieste due primarily to air masses transported from the mainland reflecting the contribution from anthropogenic sources. In contrast, higher Hg(II) concentrations observed during the first period of the cruise campaign were likely due to the occurrence of photo-oxidants production which are the main players of the gas phase oxidation of to Hg(II)_(g). These findings have been confirmed by the backward trajectories analysis of air masses crossing the studied area during selected days.     

Current Practices and Future Opportunities for Policy on Climate Change and Invasive Species

Abstract:  Climate change and invasive species are often treated as important, but independent, issues. Nevertheless, they have strong connections: changes in climate and societal responses to climate change may exacerbate the impacts of invasive species, whereas invasive species may affect the magnitude, rate, and impact of climate change. We argue that the design and implementation of climate-change policy in the United States should specifically consider the implications for invasive species; conversely, invasive-species policy should address consequences for climate change. The development of such policies should be based on (1) characterization of interactions between invasive species and climate change, (2) identification of areas where climate-change policies could negatively affect invasive-species management, and (3) identification of areas where policies could benefit from synergies between climate change and invasive-species management.