Multi-objective Programming and Social Welfare Analysis of Rural–urban Land Conversion Decision-making

Abstract

Rural–urban land conversion is an inevitable phenomenon in urbanization and industrialization. And the decision-making issue about this conversion is multi-objective because the social decision maker (the whole of central government and local authority) has to integrate the requirements of different interest groups (rural collective economic organizations, peasants, urban land users and the ones affected indirectly) and harmonize the sub-objects (economic, social and ecological outcomes) of this land allocation process. This paper established a multi-objective programming model for rural–urban land conversion decision-making and made some social welfare analysis correspondingly. Result shows that the general object of rural–urban land conversion decision-making is to reach the optimal level of social welfare in a certain state of resources allocation, while the preference of social decision makers and the value judgment of interest groups are two crucial factors which determine the realization of the rural–urban land conversion decision-making objects.     

The spatial-temporal differentiation of green land use in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei urban agglomeration

ABSTRACT

As the space carrier of the construction of ecological civilization, land’s green and efficient utilization is an important guarantee for realizing national sustainable development. Based on traditional land evaluation, this paper scientifically defines the green land use, puts land as one of the production factors, and brings energy consumption, environmental pollution, etc. into the input-output system to measure the green land utilization efficiency of the urban construction land of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration from 2006 to 2016. The study shows that the overall efficiency variation of the urban agglomeration is related with the land and environment policies. Efficiency of 2016 is higher than that of 2006, and energy and environment are the principal factors affecting the green land use. The efficiency of each city is positively correlated with its economic development, negatively correlated with the construction land expansion. Efficiency gaps in different cities are expanding. There is positive correlation with overall weak space between cities, and the partial spatial agglomeration phenomenon appears. Therefore, the green land use efficiency could be improved by improving land utilization efficiency, coordinating economic growth of construction land utilization with environmental protection and taking feasible ways to transregional renovation of the stock ecological land utilization, etc.     

The Belt and Road Initiative and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development: seeking linkages for global environmental governance

ABSTRACT

Global environmental cooperation serves as an important part in the Chinese ideal of building a Community with a Shared Future for all Human Beings. The report of 19th CPC National Congress indicates that China is committed to proactive mitigation under the Paris Agreement and further participating in global environmental governance under the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, and both of which are largely integrated to the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). BRI are also closely linked with South–South environmental and climate cooperation proposed by China from previous UN summits. Based on shared ideas, intersected agendas, and compatible governance approaches, BRI and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development grow increasingly relevant and they might form synergies based on increasingly interactive relations. In sum, seeking and intensifying the linkages between BRI and 2030 sustainable development goals (SDGs) could address global environmental governance deficits and enhance cooperation among nations.     

不同改良物质添加对滨海盐碱地土壤重金属及酶活性的影响

改良物质添加在改善土壤理化性质的同时也可能会导致土壤重金属累积.实验设置了对照（CK）、有机肥（OM）、聚丙烯酰胺+有机肥（PAM+OM）、秸秆覆盖+有机肥（SM+OM）、秸秆深埋+有机肥（BS+OM）和生物菌肥+有机肥（BM+OM）共6个处理方式,研究不同改良物质添加对滨海盐碱地土壤重金属和土壤酶活性的影响,以及二者之间的关系.结果表明,与CK处理相比,不同处理下土壤Cr、Cu、Ni和Pb含量呈现上升趋势,其中SM+OM和PAM+OM处理分别对Cr和Cu含量的影响最为显著,而BM+OM处理对Ni和Pb含量影响最为显著.与CK处理相比,改良物质添加后土壤蔗糖酶和脲酶活性显著上升,其中BM+OM处理效果最好;碱性磷酸酶活性呈现上升趋势,但上升程度较小;过氧化氢酶活性无显著变化.冗余分析表明前两轴累积可解释酶活性变异特征的70.3%,单一重金属对土壤酶活性影响的重要性大小依次为：Ni>Cu>Cr>Pb.     

植物激素对平菇菌丝生长及酶活性的影响

采用固体平板和液体摇瓶培养方法,研究了赤霉素、2,4-D、吲哚乙酸和萘乙酸4种激素对平菇-126菌丝生长及酶活性的影响。结果表明,吲哚乙酸虽然能提高发酵液胞外蛋白的含量和过氧化物酶活性,但对菌丝的生长起抑制作用,这与吲哚乙酸能引起平菇菌丝裂解和细胞膜渗漏有关;萘乙酸、低浓度2,4-D能促进菌丝的伸长;萘乙酸、赤霉素在低浓度下也能促进菌丝的分枝,对菌丝的生长整体上起促进作用。除吲哚乙酸外,其他3种激素对平菇菌丝生长影响都有两重性：低浓度下能促进菌丝的生长,浓度过高则会对菌丝生长产生毒害作用。     

水污染侵权中因果关系的认定

水污染侵权中的因果关系成立与否决定着民事责任的有无,对受害人的利益影响甚巨,关于因果关系的理论纷繁复杂,水污染侵权中的因果关系认定难度更大,试图在分析各种学说的基础上找到认定水污染侵权中因果关系的可行方法。     

微生物源槐糖脂对水果致腐真菌的抑制作用

致腐真菌是诱发水果采后病害,造成水果在运输、货架期间和贮藏过程腐败变质的主要原因.从腐烂水果上分离得到17株菌,其中9株为致腐真菌,研究了由拟威克酵母发酵产生的槐糖脂对该9株菌的作用,包括抑菌圈直径、抑菌率和对菌丝蔓延的影响.发现槐糖脂对9株致腐真菌有很好的抑制作用,浓度达到2.0 g L-1时,致腐菌(孢子)抑制率达...     

企业融资决策由于新会计准则而产生的影响因素分析

融资是企业筹集资金目前经常会运用的方式,企业融资就是指因为企业需要调整资本结构、生产经营管理、对外投资决策一系列活动希望通过金融机构和金融市场,运用适当的方式及手段获取所需资金的一种理财活动.企业获得资金转移信息的主要渠道是来自于会计领域,那么新企业会计准则制度的实施,必然有一些新的规定将对企业融资决策产生影响,此篇论文就将从这个角度探讨.     

17份腰果种质萌生特征比较

对17份腰果种质进行截干处理,测定截干后萌生新梢的总数、长度、直径和叶片数,分析不同腰果种质萌生能力之间的差异,同时对植株大小与萌生能力之间的相关性以及新梢各性状之间的相关性进行分析。试验结果表明：不同腰果种质的萌生能力有差异,在新梢总数、长度、直径和叶片数上均存在不同程度的差异;植株的萌生能力与截干前冠幅以及被截一级枝条直径大小有关,新梢长度、直径、叶片数、新梢总数与截干前植株冠幅和被截一级枝条直径之间均呈极显著的正相关关系;新梢总数、长度、直径、叶片数等性状中,除新梢总数与新梢叶片数之间的相关性不显著外,其余各性状彼此间的相关性均达极显著水平。     

一株放线菌对铜绿微囊藻的溶藻活性

从庐山土样中分离得到一株放线菌JXJ 0071,研究了该菌的孢子、菌丝体和代谢产物对铜绿微囊藻(Micro-cystis aeruginosa)的溶藻活性以及溶藻活性成分的稳定性,并对其分类地位进行鉴定。结果表明,放线菌JXJ 0071的孢子和菌丝体均能使铜绿微囊藻细胞密度显著降低。该菌代谢产物对铜绿微囊藻具有很强的溶藻活性,在藻密度为1.0×107 mL-1的藻液中加入体积分数φ为2%的该菌发酵上清液3,d后溶藻效率达98%。溶藻活性成分主要来自水溶性胞外产物,其对高温、pH和紫外线处理均具有较好的稳定性。以60℃以下的温度处理发酵液2h,溶藻活性成分的溶藻效率基本不变,保持在95%以上;pH 7.0～9.0条件下,其溶藻效率仍很高,在93.8%以上;经波长为254 nm的紫外线照射2 h,其溶藻效率仍达85.7%。基于16S rRNA基因序列的系统发育分析表明,该菌株属链霉菌属,与Streptomyces rectiviolaceus的序列相似性达99%,但JXJ0071与S.rectiviolaceus的部分生理生化特性有所不同,需要进一步的实验数据确定其种一级分类学单元。